1670s - Wikiwand

The 1670s decade ran from January 1, 1670, to December 31, 1679.

1670

January–March

January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France, is burned at the stake after being accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a child who had disappeared from the village of Glatigny. The prosecutor applies to King Louis XIV for an order expelling all 95 Jewish families from Metz, but the king refuses.
January 27 – The Muslim emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India issues an order for the destruction of all Hindu temples and schools in the empire, including the Keshvadeva Temple in Mathura.
February 4 – The Battle of Sinhagad takes place in India (in the modern-day Maharashtra state) as the Maratha Empire army, led by Tanaji Malusare, leads an assault on the Kondhana Fortress that had been captured by the Mughal Empire. Tanaji, called "The Lion" by his followers, captures the fortress by guiding the successful scaling of the walls of the fortress with ladders created from rope, but is killed in the battle. The Maratha emperor Shivaji orders the fortress named Sinhagad, the Marathi language words for "Lion's Fort".
February 9 – Christian V becomes the king of Denmark-Norway upon the death of his father, Frederick III.
February 27 – The royal wedding in Poland, between King Michal Wisniowiecki (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) and Eleonore of Austria (daughter of the late Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor), with ceremonies taking place at the Denhoff Palace in Kruszyna.
March 7 – Oliver Plunkett, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh since 1669, is allowed to return to Ireland for the first time in more than 22 years, after a new policy of tolerance of Catholicism is enacted in England. Plunkett had departed for Rome in 1647 during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Executed in 1681 on false charges of plotting an invasion of Ireland, Plunkett is canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church in 1975.
March 15 – The first English settlers arrive at the modern-day U.S. state of South Carolina, at this time the Province of Clarendon carved out of the Province of Carolina, and construct a settlement at Albemarle Point on the Ashley River.^[1]
March 18 – Petar Zrinski, the Viceroy of Croatia within the Holy Roman Empire, issues a proclamation urging Croatians to rebel against the Habsburg rulers.^[2] The uprising fails and Zrinski and his brother-in-law, Krsto Frankopan, are quickly arrested. Both are beheaded in Vienna on April 30, 1671.
March 31 – The British warship HMS Sapphire is wrecked beyond repair when her captain, John Pearce, orders the ship to be run aground at Sicily while fleeing what he believes to be four Algerian pirate ships, rather than attempting to fight. The ships turn out to have been friendly, and Pearce and his lieutenant, Andrew Logan, are court-martialed for their cowardice and executed on September 17.^[3]

April–June

April 18 – King Christian V of Denmark fires Christoffer Gabel, who had been the corrupt chief adviser to King Frederick III, and replaces him with Peder Griffenfeld.
April 29 – After more than four months, the papal conclave to elect a successor to the late Pope Clement IX selects Cardinal Emilio Albieri with 56 of the 59 votes. Altieri, 79 years old at the time, remains the oldest person ever to be elected pope.^[4] He announces that he will take the name of Pope Clement X in honor of Clement IX, who had made him a cardinal. He serves for six years until his death in 1676 shortly after his 86th birthday.^[5]
May 2 – The Hudson's Bay Company is granted a royal charter in England with the jurisdiction to control administration and commerce in "Rupert's Land", governed for the crown by Rupert, Duke of Cumberland, the cousin of King Charles II. The land is a 1.5 million square mile area of what is now Canada around Hudson Bay. The area controlled covers all of the modern province of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, and significant portions of Alberta and Nunavut, as well as parts of what are now Ontario and Quebec, and parts of the U.S. states of Minnesota, North Dakota and Montana.
May 23 – Cosimo III de' Medici becomes the Grand Duke of Tuscany, at the time an independent nation in Italy, upon the death of his father Ferdinando de' Medici.
June 1 – At Dover, England, Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover, ending hostilities between their kingdoms. Louis will give Charles 200,000 pounds annually. In return Charles will relax the laws against Catholics, gradually re-Catholicize England, support French policy against the Dutch Republic (leading England into the Third Anglo-Dutch War), and convert to Catholicism himself. The treaty is ratified three days later. The terms will not become public until the early 19th century.^[6] Louis is represented in the negotiations by Charles' sister Princess Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, who dies suddenly soon after returning to France.
June 9 – Taking advantage of a monsoon, the Maratha Empire's Shivaji orders an attack on areas that had been turned over to the Mughal Empire and its emperor Aurangazeb in 1665. Within 15 days, the cities of Pune, Baramati, Supi and Indapur, along with the Rohida fort, are recaptured by the Maratha Army.
June 10 – King Louis XIV of France issues an ordinance prohibiting the French colonies in the Americas from trading with any other nation except France.^[7]
June 15 – The first stone of Fort Ricasoli is laid down in Malta.^[8]

July–September

July 11 – Representatives of England (led by King Charles II) and Denmark (led by King Christian V) sign a treaty of alliance and commerce, the Treaty of Copenhagen.
July 18 (July 8, O.S.) – The Treaty of Madrid, also known as the Godolphin Treaty, is signed between England and Spain to formally end hostilities left over from the Anglo-Spanish War, in the Caribbean, that ended ten years earlier. For the first time, Spain acknowledges that it is not entitled to all territory in the Americas west of Brazil, as provided by the 1493 line of demarcation decreed by Pope Alexander VI, and by the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal. Spain acknowledges that Jamaica and the Cayman Islands are English possessions.
August 17 – A joint fleet of warships from England (commanded by Commodore Richard Beach on HMS Hampshire) and from the Dutch Republic (led by Admiral Willem Joseph van Ghent on Spiegel) rescue 250 Christian slaves and then sink six Algerian pirate ships in a battle in the Mediterranean Sea off of the coast of Morocco at Cape Spartel.^[9]
August 26 – The Parliament of France enacts a uniform criminal code for the nation with the passage of the Criminal Ordinance of 1670, which takes effect on January 1. The code remains in force until October 9, 1789, when it is abrogated during the French Revolution.
mid-August – Three Spanish frigates from Spanish Florida, sailing from St. Augustine and under the command of Juan Menendez Marques, arrive at Charleston harbor, preparing to attack the English settlement in South Carolina. The English settlers have been warned in advance by Indians who had found out about the invasion. Because of a storm, and the English preparations for a siege, Captain Menendez abandons the colony without attempting an attack.^[10]
September 5 – William Penn and William Mead are found not guilty of violating the Conventicles Act 1670, after a five day jury trial in London. The two had been arrested on August 14 in front of a meeting house Gracechurch Street after preaching a Quaker sermon outside following a ban on preaching indoors. The defiance by the jury leads to the landmark English decision in Bushel's Case.

October–December

October 3 – In India, Chhatrapati Shivaji maharaj, the ruler of the Maratha Empire, leads an attack on the British settlement at Surat near Bombay. British Governor Gerald Aungier secures the British fortress at Surat and saves the lives and property of British citizens.
October 14 – Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, a five-act comedy and ballet authored by Molière, is given its first performance, presented before King Louis XIV at the Château de Chambord. Public performances begin on November 23 at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
October 18 – The Battle of Kitombo takes place in southwest Africa in Angola, when colonial soldiers of the Army of Portugal invade Soyo, an independent BaKongo kingdom, with the intent of annexing it to Portuguese West Africa.^[11] The 400 Portuguese troops, led by João Soares de Almeida, encounter a stiff resistance. Soyo's Estevao da Silva, whose army has the benefit of weapons supplied by the Dutch Republic, is joined in battle by troops from the neighboring Kingdom of Ngoyo on the other side of the Congo River. General Soares de Almeida is killed, and most of his troops die or are captured; Soyo's General da Silva is killed in the process of winning the battle. Because of the defeat, Portugal makes no further attempt to conquer Soyo or Ngoyo.
November 24 – Louis XIV of France inaugurates the construction of Les Invalides, a veterans' hospital in Paris.
December 15 – Henry Morgan, a Welsh privateer in English service, recaptures Santa Catalina Island, Colombia.
December 27 – Henry Morgan captures Fort San Lorenzo, on Panama's Caribbean coast.
December 31 – The expedition of John Narborough leaves Corral Bay having surveyed the coast and lost four hostages to the Spanish.^[12]

Date unknown

Stenka Razin begins the rebellion of Cossacks in Russia.
Niani, capital of the Mali Empire, is sacked by the Bambara people of the emerging Segou Empire.
The first French settlers arrive on the Petite Côte of modern-day Senegal.

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Births

1670

January 24 – William Congreve, English playwright (d. 1729)^[96]
February 25 – Maria Margarethe Kirch, German astronomer (d. 1720)
February 28 – Benjamin Wadsworth, American president of Harvard University (d. 1737)
May 8 – Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, English soldier (d. 1726)
May 12 – King Frederick Augustus I of Poland (d. 1733)
June 22 – Eva von Buttlar, German mystic sectarian (d. 1721)
July 18 – Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (d. 1747)^[97]
July 19 – Richard Leveridge, English bass player and composer (d. 1758)
August 21 – James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, French military commander (d. 1734)
November 15 – Bernard Mandeville, Dutch-born economic philosopher (d. 1733)^[98]
December 4 – John Aislabie, English politician, director of the South Sea Company (d. 1742)
date unknown – Sultan Abdullah Khan Abdali, Persian Governor of Herat, Shah of Herat (d. 1721)

1671

January 11 – François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (d. 1745)
February 26 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician and philosopher (d. 1713)
March 7 – Rob Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (d. 1734)
April 6 – Jean-Baptiste Rousseau, French poet (d. 1741)
April 21 – John Law, Scottish economist (d. 1729)
May 24 – Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1737)
June 8 – Tomaso Albinoni, Italian composer (d. 1751)
June 21 – Christian Detlev Reventlow, Danish diplomat and military leader, brother-in-law of king Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1738)
July 9 – Margareta von Ascheberg, Swedish land owner, countess and acting regimental colonel (d. 1753)
July 14 – Jacques d'Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
October 1 – Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (d. 1742)
October 11 – King Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730)
November 6 – Colley Cibber, English actor-manager and poet laureate (d. 1757)
November 15 (bapt.) – Anne Bracegirdle, English actress (d. 1748)

1672

January 4 – Hugh Boulter, Irish Archbishop of Armagh (d. 1742)
January 18 – Antoine Houdar de la Motte, French writer (d. 1731)^[99]
February 13 – Étienne François Geoffroy, French chemist (d. 1731)
February 26 – Antoine Augustine Calmet, French theologian (d. 1757)
May 1 – Joseph Addison, English politician and writer (d. 1719)^[100]
June 9 – Emperor Peter I of Russia (d. 1725)^[101]
June 11 – Francesco Antonio Bonporti, Italian priest and composer (d. 1749)
July 13 – Nicolás Salzillo, Spanish artist (d. 1727)
August 2 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss scholar (d. 1733)
September 8 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (d. 1703)^[102]
October 11 – Pylyp Orlyk, Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossack starshina, diplomat (d. 1742)
October 21 – Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Italian historian, scholar (d. 1750)
October 27 – Maria Gustava Gyllenstierna, Swedish writer (d. 1737)^[103]
date unknown
- Ann Baynard, English natural philosopher (d. 1697)
- José Antonio Nebra Mezquita, Spanish organist and harpist (d. 1748)^[104]

1673

January 31 – St. Louis Maria Grignion de Montfort, French missionary priest (d. 1716)
April 27 – Claude Gillot, French artist (d. 1722)
July 20 – John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of Stair, Scottish soldier and diplomat (d. 1747)
August 8 – John Ker, Scottish informer (d. 1726)
August 10 – Johann Konrad Dippel, German alchemist (d. 1734)
August 11 – Richard Mead, English physician (d. 1754)
August 18 – Louise Élisabeth de Joybert, politically active Canadian governors' wife (d. 1740)
October 26 – Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian linguist and scholar (d. 1723)
December 30 – Ahmed III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1736)

1674

January 12 – Alexis Simon Belle, French portrait painter (d. 1734)
January 15 – Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French writer (d. 1762)
January 24 – Thomas Tanner, English bishop and antiquarian (d. 1735)
March – Jethro Tull, English agriculturist (d. 1741)
June 3 – Matthias Buchinger, German artist (d. 1740)
July 12 – Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1765)
July 17 – Isaac Watts, English hymnist (d. 1748)
August 2 – Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, regent of France (d. 1723)
August 16 – Catharine Trotter Cockburn, English novelist, dramatist and philosopher (d. 1749)
August 19 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (d. 1766)
December 25 – Thomas Halyburton, Scottish theologian (d. 1712)
Date unknown
- Jeremiah Clarke, English baroque composer (suicide 1707)
- Spencer Compton, 1st Earl of Wilmington, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1743)

1675

January 16 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (d. 1755)
January 27 – Erik Benzelius the younger, Swedish priest (d. 1743)
February 21 – Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (d. 1750)
February 28 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (d. 1726)
March 31 – Pope Benedict XIV (d. 1758)
May 29 – Humphry Ditton, English mathematician (d. 1715)
June 1 – Francesco Scipione, marchese di Maffei, Italian archaeologist (d. 1755)
July 5 – Mary Walcott, American accuser at the Salem witch trials
July 12 – Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742)
July 14 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
September 2 – William Somervile, English poet (d. 1742)
September 3 – Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (d. 1751)
September 27 – Dorothea Krag, Danish General Postmaster and noble (d. 1754)
October 11 – Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)^[105]
October 21 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (d. 1710)
October 24 – Richard Temple, 1st Viscount Cobham, English soldier and politician (d. 1749)
date unknown
- William Jones, Welsh mathematician (d. 1749)^[106]
- Tarabai, Indian queen regent of the Maratha Empire (d. 1761)
- Cille Gad, Norwegian poet (d. 1711)

1676

March 17 – Thomas Boston, Scottish church leader (d. 1732)
March 27 – Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian rebel against the Habsburgs (d. 1735)
April 23 – King Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751)
May 26 – Maria Clara Eimmart, German astronomer, engraver and designer (d. 1707)
May 28 – Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician (d. 1754)
June 17 – Louise de Maisonblanche, illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France (d. 1718)
June 21 – Anthony Collins, English philosopher (d. 1729)
July 3 – Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1747)
July 14 – Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, poet (d. 1763)
August 26 – Robert Walpole, first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1745)^[107]
September 13 – Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, duchess and regent of Lorraine (d. 1744)
September 18 – Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1733)
October 8 – Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, Spanish scholar (d. 1764)
October 19 – Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes, Portuguese diplomat (d. 1733)
November 8 – Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon, duchess of Maine, daughter in law of Louis XIV (d.1753)
date unknown – Alexander Selkirk, Scottish sailor (d. 1721)

1677

February 3 – Jan Santini Aichel, Czech architect (d. 1723)
February 4 – Johann Ludwig Bach, German composer (d. 1731)
February 8 – Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1756)
May 4 – Françoise-Marie de Bourbon, youngest daughter of Louis XIV (d. 1749)
August 27 – Otto Ferdinand von Abensperg und Traun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1748)
September 17 – Stephen Hales, English physiologist, chemist, and inventor (d. 1761)
October 20 – Stanisław Leszczyński, King of Poland (d. 1766)
date unknown
- William Dummer, acting Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1761)

1678

March 4 – Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (d. 1741)^[108]
March 7 – Filippo Juvarra, Italian architect (d. 1736)
April 14 – Abraham Darby I, one of the English fathers of the Industrial Revolution (d. 1717)^[109]
May 3 – Amaro Pargo, Spanish corsair (d. 1747)^[110]
May 16 – Andreas Silbermann, German organ builder (d. 1734)^[111]
July 26 – Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1711)^[112]
September 16 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English statesman and philosopher (d. 1751)^[113]
September 29 – Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles, French soldier (d. 1766)^[114]
October 10 – John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, Scottish soldier (d. 1743)^[115]
October 16 – Anna Waser, Swiss painter (d. 1714)^[116]
November 26 – Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, French geophysicist (d. 1771)^[117]
December 8 – Horatio Walpole, 1st Baron Walpole of Wolterton, English diplomat (d. 1757)^[118]
December 13 – Yongzheng Emperor of China (d. 1735)^[119]
December 14 – Daniel Neal, English historian (d. 1743)^[120]
December 30 – William Croft, English composer (d. 1727)^[121]
date unknown
- George Farquhar, Irish dramatist (d. 1707)^[122]
- Joachim Ludwig Schultheiss von Unfriedt, German architect (d. 1753)^[123]
- John Senex, British geographer (d. 1740)^[124]
- Maria Faxell, Swedish vicar's wife and war heroine (d. 1738),^[125]
- Pierre Fauchard, French physician and author, considered The father of modern dentistry (d. 1761)^[126]
- Thomas Micklethwaite, Lord Commissioner of the Treasury (d. 1718)^[127]

1679

January 24 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher (d. 1754)
March 18 – Matthew Decker, English merchant and writer (d. 1749)
March 29 – Benedict Calvert, 4th Baron Baltimore, colonial governor of Maryland (d. 1715)
May 29 – Antonio Farnese, Duke of Parma (d. 1731)
August 16 – Catharine Trotter Cockburn, English novelist, dramatist, philosopher (d. 1749)
August 22 – Pierre Guérin de Tencin, French cardinal (d. 1758)
October 13 – Princess Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1740)
October 16 – Jan Dismas Zelenka, Bohemian composer (d. 1745)
October 18 – Ann Putnam, Jr., American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1716)
November 11 – Firmin Abauzit, French scientist (d. 1767)
date unknown
- James Erskine, Lord Grange, Scottish judge (d. 1754)
- George Psalmanazar, French-born imposter and essayist (d. 1763)
- Francesco Zerafa, Maltese architect (d. 1758)

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Deaths

1670

January 3 – George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English soldier (b. 1608)
January 6
- Sir Gilbert Gerard, 1st Baronet of Harrow on the Hill, English politician (b. 1587)
- Charles of Sezze, Italian Franciscan friar and saint (b. 1613)
January 21
- Claude Duval, French-born highwayman^[128] (b. 1643)
- Honorat de Bueil, seigneur de Racan, French aristocrat (b. 1589)
January 25 – Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1609)
February 9 – King Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1609)^[129]
February 12 – Niklaus Dachselhofer, Swiss politician (b. 1595)
February 17 – Elizabeth Barnard, granddaughter of William Shakespeare (b. 1608)^[130]
March 1 – Giovanna Maria Bonomo, beatified Italian Catholic nun (b. 1606)
March 2 – François-Henri Salomon de Virelade, French lawyer (b. 1620)
March 10
- Johann Glauber, German chemist (b. 1604)
- Ludovicus a S. Carolo, French monk (b. 1608)
March 15 – John Davenport, Connecticut pioneer (b. 1597)
April – Ahom King Swargadeo Chakradhwaj Singha or Supangmung of Assam, India
April 5 – Leonora Baroni, Italian singer (b. 1611)
April 12 – George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1582)
April 23 – Loreto Vittori, Italian singer and composer (b. 1600)
May 10 – Claude Vignon, French painter (b. 1593)
May 21
- Niccolò Zucchi, Italian astronomer and physicist (b. 1586)
- Giovanni Andrea Sirani, Italian painter (b. 1610)
May 19 – Ferdinando Ughelli, Italian Cistercian monk, church historian (b. 1595)^[131]
May 23 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1610)
May 31 – Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland, English noble (b. 1644)
June 12 – Hasanuddin of Gowa, 16th Ruler of the Sultanate of Gowa (b. 1631)
June 25 – Lorens von der Linde, Swedish field marshal (b. 1610)
June 27 – Thomas Bennet, English civil lawyer (b. 1592)
June 28 – Hendrik Martenszoon Sorgh, Dutch painter (b. 1610)
June 30
- Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans, English and French princess (b. 1644)
- Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (b. 1613)
July 16 – Abraham Diepraam, Dutch painter (b. 1622)
August 24 – William Neile, English mathematician and founder member of the Royal Society (b. 1637)
September 11 – Jeanne Chezard de Matel, French mystic (b. 1596)
September 16 – William Penn, English admiral and politician (b. 1621)
September 26 – Abraham Teniers, Flemish painter (b. 1629)^[132]
September 28 – Alexander Morus, Franco-Scottish Calvinist preacher (b. 1616)
August 10 – Richard Ottley, English politician (b. 1626)
October 3 – Sir Henry Yelverton, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1633)
October 27 – Vavasor Powell, Welsh non-conformist leader (b. 1617)^[133]
November 8 – Emmanuel, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1631)
November 15 – Comenius, Czech writer (b. 1592)^[134]
November 21 – William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1651)
November 22 – Landgravine Sophie of Hesse-Kassel, Countess of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1615)
December 4 – Emilie of Oldenburg-Delmenhorst, Regent of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1646–1662) (b. 1614)
date unknown – Alena Arzamasskaia, Russian rebel leader (b. year unknown)

1671

January 6 – Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh (b. 1643)
January 24 – Philipp, Prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (b. 1616)
January 25 – Henry X, Count of Reuss-Lobenstein, Rector of the University of Leipzig (b. 1621)
February 18 – John Mennes, English Royal Navy admiral (b. 1599)
February 22 – Adam Olearius, German scholar (b. 1599)
February 19 – Tokugawa Yorinobu, Japanese nobleman (b. 1602)
March 1
- Marzio Ginetti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1585)
- Leopold Wilhelm of Baden-Baden, Imperial Field Marshal (b. 1626)
March 7 – Antonio de la Cerda, 7th Duke of Medinaceli, Grandee of Spain (b. 1607)
March 15 – Axel Urup, Danish general (b. 1601)
March 31 – Anne Hyde, wife of the future James II of England (b. 1637)
April 20 – Daniel Hay du Chastelet de Chambon, French mathematician (b. 1596)
April 23 – Theodorick Bland of Westover, American politician (b. 1629)
April 30
- Petar Zrinski, Croatian Ban (title) and nobleman (b. 1621)
- Fran Krsto Frankopan, Croatian poet and nobleman (b. 1643)
May 5 – Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester, English politician (b. 1602)
May 8 – Sébastien Bourdon, French painter and engraver (b. 1616)
May 12 – Pedro de Villagómez Vivanco, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Lima, then Bishop of Arequipa (b. 1589)
May 16 – Sir John Langham, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1584)
May 19 – John Scudamore, 1st Viscount Scudamore, English politician and Viscount (b. 1601)
June 2
- Edward Leigh, English writer (b. 1602)
- Sophia Eleonore of Saxony, German duchess (b. 1609)
June 9 – Sebastian von Rostock, German bishop (b. 1607)
June 25 – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian astronomer (b. 1598)
July 4 – Jan Cossiers, Flemish painter (b. 1600)
July 14 – Méric Casaubon, English classical scholar (b. 1599)
July 30 – Louis Joseph, Duke of Guise (b. 1650)
August 3 – Antonio Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1607)
August 10 – Sir John Evelyn, 1st Baronet, of Godstone, English noble (b. 1633)
September 1 – Hugues de Lionne, French statesman (b. 1611)
September 11 – Roshanara Begum, Mughal princess (b. 1617)
September 19 – Gilbert Ironside the elder, English bishop (b. 1588)
October 5 – Joachim Ernest, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (1622–1671) (b. 1595)
October 26 – Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1593)
November 12 – Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English Civil War general (b. 1612)
November 20 – Thomas Trenchard, English politician (b. 1640)
December 13 – Antonio Grassi, Italian Roman Catholic priest and beatus (b. 1592)
December 18 – Samuel Gott, English politician (b. 1614)
December 28 – Johann Friedrich Gronovius, German classical scholar (b. 1611)

1672

January – Denis Gaultier, French lutenist and composer (b. 1603)^[135]
January 15 – John Cosin, English clergyman (b. 1594)
January 21 – Adriaen van de Velde, Dutch painter (b. 1636)
January 28 – Pierre Séguier, Chancellor of France (b. 1588)
February 17 – Madeleine Béjart, French actress and theatre director (b. 1618)
February 19 – Charles Chauncy, English-born president of Harvard College (b. 1592)
February 28
- Christian, Duke of Brieg, Duke of Legnica (1663–1672) and Brieg (1664–1672) (b. 1618)
- Sir Ralph Hare, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1623)
March – Archibald Armstrong, court jester to James I of England and Charles I of England
March 4 – Luis Guillermo de Moncada, 7th Duke of Montalto, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1614)
March 8 – Thomas Tyrrell, English judge and politician (b. 1594)
March 18 – Agneta Horn, Swedish writer (b. 1629)
April 2
- Pedro Calungsod, Filipino saint (b. 1654)
- Diego Luis de San Vitores, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Guam (b. 1627)
April 4 – Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg (b. 1593)
April 13 – Marguerite of Lorraine, princess of Lorraine, duchess of Orléans (b. 1615)
April 14
- Friedrich Wilhelm III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1657)
- King Pye Min of Burma (b. 1619)
April 17 – Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska, Polish noble (b. 1623)
April 21 – Antoine Godeau, French bishop and poet (b. 1605)
April 22 – Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (b. 1598)
April 26 – Lionel Lockyer, English alchemist, quack doctor (b. 1600)
April 30 – Marie of the Incarnation, French foundress of the Ursuline Monastery in Quebec (b. 1599)
May 5 – Samuel Cooper, English painter (b. 1609)
May 8 – Jean-Armand du Peyrer, Comte de Tréville and French Officer (b. 1598)
May 11 – Charles Seton, 2nd Earl of Dunfermline, English royalist (b. 1615)
May 28
- Frescheville Holles, English Member of Parliament (b. 1642)
- Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (b. 1625)
- John Trevor, Welsh politician (b. 1626)
June 7 – Willem Joseph van Ghent, Dutch admiral (b. 1626)
June 14 – Matthew Wren, English politician (b. 1629)
June 17 – Orazio Benevoli, Italian composer (b. 1605)
June 27 – Roger Twysden, English antiquarian and royalist (b. 1597)
July 3 – Francis Willughby, English biologist (b. 1635)
July 21 – Captain John Underhill, English settler and soldier (b. 1597)
August 2 – Amable de Bourzeys, French writer and academic (b. 1606)
August 8 – Sir John Borlase, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1619)
August 20
- Johan de Witt, Dutch politician (b. 1625)
- Cornelis de Witt, Dutch politician (b. 1623)
September 9 – François-Joseph Bressani, Italian missionary (b. 1612)
September 12 – Tanneguy Lefebvre, French classical scholar (b. 1615)
September 14 – Henri Charles de La Trémoille, son of Henry de La Trémoille (b. 1620)
September 16 – Anne Bradstreet, American colonial writer (b. c. 1612)
October 8 – Johan Nieuhof, Dutch traveler who wrote about his journeys to Brazil (b. 1618)
October 24 – John Webb, English architect (b. 1611)
November 4 – Lucas van Uden, Dutch painter (b. 1595)
November 6 – Heinrich Schütz, German composer (b. 1585)^[136]
November 16 – Esaias Boursse, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
November 19
- Franciscus Sylvius, Dutch physician and scientist (b. 1614)
- John Wilkins, English Bishop of Chester (b. 1614)
December 6
- King John II Casimir of Poland (b. 1609)^[137]
- Pedro Antonio Fernández de Castro, 10th Count of Lemos, Viceroy of Peru (b. 1632)
December 7 – Richard Bellingham, Massachusetts colonial magistrate (b. 1592)
December 8 – Johann Christian von Boyneburg, German politician (b. 1622)
December 19 – Dorothea Diana of Salm, German noblewoman (b. 1604)
December 21 – Charles Stanley, 8th Earl of Derby, English noble (b. 1628)
December 27 – Jacques Rohault, French philosopher (b. 1618)^[138]
December 30 – Hendrick Bloemaert, Dutch painter (b. 1601)

1673

January 11 – Bartholomew Mastrius, Italian theologian (b. 1602)
January 22 – Mary Carleton, Englishwoman who used false identities (b. 1642)
January 26 – Jérôme Lalemant, French Jesuit priest and missionary to Canada (b. 1593)
February 2 – Kaspar Förster, German singer and composer (b. 1616)
February 12, – Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (1647– (b. 1605)
February 17 – Molière, French writer and actor (b. 1622)
February 22 – Anna Magdalene of Hanau, German countess (b. 1600)
March 6 – Isaack Luttichuys, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1616)
March 12 – Margaret Theresa of Spain (b. 1651)
March 15 – Salvator Rosa, Italian painter and poet (b. 1615)
March 20
- Anna Margareta von Haugwitz, Swedish countess (b. 1622)
- Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (b. 1603)
April 21 – Ignace-Gaston Pardies, French physicist (b. 1636)
May 14 – Sir Gerrard Napier, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1606)
May 6 – Werner Rolfinck, German physician, chemist, botanist, philosopher (b. 1599)
May 9 – Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux, French poet (b. 1599)
May 27 – Henry Hungerford, English politician (b. 1611)
May 30 – Sir Edward Bagot, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1616)
June 6 – Eugene Maurice, Count of Soissons, Italian noble (b. 1635)
June 18 – Jeanne Mance, French Canadian settler (b. 1606)
June 28 – Johan Schatter, Dutch member of the Haarlem schutterij (b. 1594)
June 25 – Charles de Batz-Castelmore d'Artagnan, French soldier (b. 1611)
July 4 – Robert Moray, English Freemason (b. 1608 or 1609)
July 15 – Helena Fourment, Dutch model, second wife of Peter Paul Rubens (b. 1614)
August 17 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1641)
August 21
- Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford, English soldier (b. c. 1599)
- Daniel Pawłowski, Polish writer (b. 1627)
- Isaac Sweers, Dutch admiral (b. 1622)
August 25 – Bartram de Fouchier, Dutch painter (b. 1609)
September 6 – Jan Thomas van Ieperen, Flemish engraver and painter (b. 1617)
September 21 – Lorenzo Imperiali, Italian cardinal (b. 1612)
October 5 – Francesco Grue, Italian artist (b. 1618)
October 13 – Christoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)
October 17 – Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, English statesman (b. 1630)
November 6 – Robert Harley, English politician (b. 1626)
November 10 – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland (b. 1640)
November 17 – Thomas Wendy, English politician (b. 1614)
November 29 – Armand de Gramont, Comte de Guiche, French nobleman (b. 1637)
December 15 – Margaret Cavendish, English writer (b. 1623)
December 21 – Joan Blaeu, Dutch cartographer (b. 1596)
December 29 – Manuel da Câmara III, Portuguese noble (b. 1630)
December 31 – Oliver St John, English statesman and judge (b. c. 1598)

1674

January 3 – Claude Maltret, French Jesuit (b. 1621)
January 5 – Ebba Brahe, Swedish countess, landowner, and courtier (b. 1596)
January 10 – Jacob de Witt, Mayor of Dordrecht (b. 1589)
January 12 – Giacomo Carissimi Italian composer (b. 1605)
January 21
- Cornelis Bisschop, Dutch painter (b. 1630)
- Henri de La Trémoille, French general and noble (b. 1598)
February 13 – Jean de Labadie, 17th-century French pietist (b. 1610)
February 14 – Carlo de Tocco, Italian nobleman (b. 1592)
February 22
- Jean Chapelain, French writer (b. 1595)
- John Wilson, English composer (b. 1595)
February 24 – Matthias Weckmann, German composer (b. 1616)
February 26 – Jean Pecquet, French anatomist (b. 1622)
March 2 – Salomon Sweers, Dutch businessman (b. 1611)
March 8 – Charles Sorel, sieur de Souvigny, French writer (b. 1597)
March 15 – Edward Digges, English barrister and colonist, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1620)
March 19 – Queen Inseon, Korean royal consort (b. 1619)
March 23 – Henry Cromwell, 4th son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier (b. 1628)
March 29 – Ove Bjelke, Norwegian civil servant (b. 1611)
April 18 – John Graunt, English demographer (b. 1620)
April 24 – Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (b. 1599)
June 1 – Beata Rosenhane, Swedish writer (b. 1638)
June 4 – Jan Lievens, Dutch painter (b. 1607)
June 8 – Henry Hildyard, English Member of Parliament (b. 1610)
June 14 – Marin le Roy de Gomberville, French writer (b. 1600)
June 16 – Empress Xiaochengren, Chinese Qing Dynasty empress (b. 1653)
June 25
- Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 1st Baronet, of Great Lever (b. 1606)
- Mauritia Eleonora of Portugal, Princess of Portugal and countess consort of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1609)
July 2 – Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1614)
July 29 – Eva Krotoa, Khoi translator and interpreter (b. 1643)
July 30
- Hans Conrad Werdmüller, Swiss military commander (b. 1606)
- Francisco Ignacio Alcina, Jesuit missionary and historian (b. 1610)
August 8 – Maeda Toshitsugu, Japanese daimyō of the early Edo period (b. 1617)
August 12 – Philippe de Champaigne, French painter (b. 1602)
September 12 – Nicolaes Tulp, Dutch anatomist and politician (b. 1593)
September 17 – Hyeonjong of Joseon, 18th monarch of the Korean Joseon Dynasty (b. 1641)
September 22 – Herman Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg, High Chamberlain of the Elector of Bavaria (b. 1627)
September 27 – Robert Arnauld d'Andilly, French writer (b. 1589)
September 29 – Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
October 2 – George Frederick of Nassau-Siegen, officer in the Dutch Army (b. 1606)
October 12 – Jeremias van Rensselaer, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1632)
October 15 – Robert Herrick, English poet (b. 1591)
October 27 – Hallgrímur Pétursson, Icelandic poet (b. 1614)
November 8 – John Milton, English Puritan poet (b. 1608)
November 16 – Isbrand van Diemerbroeck, Dutch physician (b. 1609)
November 18 – Charles Lallemant, French Jesuit (b. 1587)
December 9 – Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, English statesman and historian (b. 1609)
December 10 – John Vaughan, English judge (b. 1603)
December 28 – John Oxenbridge, English Nonconformist divine (b. 1608)
Date unknown
- Hu Zhengyan, Chinese artist, printmaker, calligrapher and publisher (b. c. 1584)
- Thomas Traherne, English poet (b. c. 1637)

1675

January 9 – Francesco Maria Brancaccio, Catholic cardinal (b. 1592)
January 26 – Domenico II Contarini, Doge of Venice (b. 1585)
February 8 – Anna Moroni, Italian educator (b. 1613)
February 9 – Gerhard Douw, Dutch painter (b. 1613)
February 10 – Gervase Holles, English Member of Parliament (b. 1607)
March 14 – Francis Davies, British bishop (b. 1605)
March 18 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1606)
April 8 – Veit Erbermann, German theologian (b. 1597)
April 10 – Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg by births and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach (b. 1601)
April 12 – Richard Bennett, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)
May 1 – Jonathan Rashleigh, English politician (b. 1591)
May 6 – August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, Danish-German prince and member of the House of Oldenburg (b. 1612)
May 18
- Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish Socinian theologian (b. 1623)
- Father Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer (b. 1636)
May 27 – Gaspard Dughet, French painter (b. 1613)
June 5 – John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt, English politician (b. 1626)
June 11
- Sir Anthony Cope, 4th Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1632)
- Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Weimar, Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz (b. 1641)
June 12 – Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1634)
July 14 – Daniel Hallé, French painter (b. 1614)
July 20 – Giles Strangways, English politician (b. 1615)
July 25 – Johan Stiernhöök, Swedish lawyer (b. 1596)
July 27 – Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (b. 1611)
July 28 – Bulstrode Whitelocke, English lawyer (b. 1605)
August 5 – Brynjólfur Sveinsson, Icelandic bishop and scholar (b. 1605)
August 16 – António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva, Portuguese general and noble (b. 1596)
August 29 – Joachim Irgens von Westervick, Dano–Norwegian nobleman (b. 1611)
September 8
- Amalia of Solms-Braunfels, Princess consort to Frederick Henry (b. 1602)
- Frederick, Count of Nassau-Weilburg, ruling Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1640)
September 18 – Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1604)^[139]
September 23 – Valentin Conrart, French founder of the Académie française (b. 1603)
October 10 – Tommaso Tamburini, Italian theologian (b. 1591)
October 15 – William Wadsworth, American colonial pioneer (b. 1594)
October 26 – William Sprague, English co-founder of Charlestown, Massachusetts (b. 1609)
October 27 – Gilles de Roberval, French mathematician (b. 1602)
November – Feodosia Morozova, Russian religious dissident martyr (b. 1632)
November 1 – Guru Tegh Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (b. 1621)
November 4 – Remigius van Leemput, painter from the Southern Netherlands (b. 1607)
November 10 – Leopoldo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1617)
November 11 – Thomas Willis, English doctor who played an important part in the history of anatomy (b. 1621)
November 15 – Preben von Ahnen, German-born civil servant and landowner in Norway (b. 1606)
November 21 – George William, Duke of Liegnitz (b. 1660)
November 28 – Basil Feilding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh, English Civil War soldier (b. c. 1608)
November 28 – Leonard Hoar, American President of Harvard University (b. 1630)
November 30
- Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, colonial Governor of Maryland (b. 1605)
- Sir John Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Lowther, English politician (b. 1605)
December 6 – John Lightfoot, English churchman, scholar (b. 1602)
December 15 (bur.) – Johannes Vermeer, Dutch painter (b. 1632)
December 16 – Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, Marshal of France (b. 1580)
December 23 – Caesar, duc de Choiseul, French marshal and diplomat (b. 1602)
date unknown – Margareta Beijer, director of the Swedish Royal Post Office (b. 1625)

1676

January 7 – Marco Faustini, Italian opera manager (b. 1606)
January 13 – Isaac Commelin, Dutch historian (b. 1598)
January 14 – Francesco Cavalli, Italian composer (b. 1602)
January 16 – Georg Arnold, Austrian musician (b. 1621)
January 29 – Tsar Alexis of Russia (b. 1629)
February 3 – François Chauveau, French painter (b. 1613)
February 14 – Abraham Bosse, French engraver and artist (b. c. 1604)
February 20 – Hugh Forth, English politician (b. 1610)
March 2 – Juan de Almoguera, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima (1673–1676) and Bishop of Arequipa (1659–1673) (b. 1605)
March 21 – Henri Sauval, French historian (b. 1623)
March 22 – Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford (b. 1590)
March 23 – Paul Würtz, Swedish general (b. 1612)
March 27 – Bernardino de Rebolledo, Spanish poet, soldier and diplomat (b. 1597)
April 5 – John Winthrop the Younger, Governor of Connecticut (b. 1606)
April 8 – Claudia Felicitas of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1653)
April 20 – John Clarke, English physician (b. 1609)
April 29 – Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (b. 1607)
May 5 – Sir Richard Lloyd, English politician (b. 1606)
May 7 – Henri Valois, French historian (b. 1603)
May 25 – Johann Rahn, Swiss mathematician (b. 1622)
May 26 – Thomas Rouse, English politician (b. 1608)
June 1 – Karl Kaspar von der Leyen, German Catholic archbishop (b. 1618)
June 7 – Paul Gerhardt, German hymnist (b. 1606)
June 13 – Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy, wife of Ferdinand Maria (b. 1636)
June 16 – Nathaniel Dickinson, American settler (b. 1601)
June 29 – Hendrik van der Borcht II, German painter (b. 1614)
July – Jesse Wharton colonial governor of Maryland
July 5 – Carl Gustaf Wrangel, Swedish soldier (b. 1613)
July 8 – Francis I Rákóczi, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (b. 1645)
July 12 – Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg, German poet composer and (by marriage) Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1613)
July 22 – Pope Clement X (b. 1590)
July 25 – François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French writer (b. 1604)
July 17 – Madame de Brinvilliers, French murderer (b. 1630)
August 11 – Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, German writer (b. 1621)
August 14 – Nicolò Sagredo, 105th Doge of Venice (b. 1606)
August 28 – Margravine Louise Charlotte of Brandenburg, Duchess of Courland by marriage (1645–1676) (b. 1617)
August 31 – Lars Stigzelius, Swedish Lutheran archbishop (b. 1598)
September 4 – John Ogilby, Scottish-born impresario and cartographer active in Dublin and London (b. 1600)
September 9 – Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, French military officer, founder of Montreal in New France (b. 1612)
September 10 – Gerrard Winstanley, English religious reformer (b. 1609)
September 11 – Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria (b. 1616)
September 17 – Sabbatai Zevi, Montenegrin rabbi, kabbalist and founder of the Jewish Sabbatean movement (b. 1626)
September 28 – Anna Maria Antigó, Spanish Catholic nun (b. 1602)
October 6 – Claudia Rusca, Italian composer, singer, and organist (b. 1593)
October 7 – Richard Neville, English soldier and MP (b. 1615)
October 10 – Sebastian Knüpfer, German composer (b. 1633)
October 13 – Juan de Arellano, Spanish artist (b. 1614)
October 15 – Simon de Vos, Flemish painter (b. 1603)
October 26 – Nathaniel Bacon, Virginian colonist and instigator of Bacon's Rebellion (b. circa 1640s)
October 28 – Jean Desmarets, French writer (b. 1595)
November 1 – Gisbertus Voetius, Dutch theologian (b. 1589)
November 9 – Allart Pieter van Jongestall, Dutch jurist, politician, and diplomat (b. 1612)
November 12 – Shang Kexi, Chinese general (b. 1604)
December 11 – Roland Fréart de Chambray, French writer (b. 1606)
December 12 – William Morice, English politician (b. 1602)
December 18 – Edward Benlowes, English poet (b. 1603)
December 19 – Adolph, Prince of Nassau-Schaumburg and Count of Nassau-Schaumburg (1653–1676) (b. 1629)
December 25
- Matthew Hale, Lord Chief Justice of England (b. 1609)
- William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English soldier, politician, writer (b. 1592)

1677

January 8 – Sir John Fowell, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1623)
January 18 – Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch founder of Cape Town (b. 1619)
January 31 – Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (b. 1617)
February 9 – George Horner, English politician (b. 1605)
February 21 – Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (b. 1632)^[140]
March 18 – Marie Luise von Degenfeld, morganatic second wife of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine of Germany (b. 1634)
March 28 – Václav Hollar, Czech-born actor (b. 1607)
April 22 – Václav Eusebius František, Prince of Lobkowicz, Austrian field marshal and prince (b. 1609)
May 4 – Isaac Barrow, English mathematician (b. 1630)
May 20 – George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol, English statesman (b. 1612)
May 22 – William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1593)
May 23 – John, Count of Nassau-Idstein (1629–1677) (b. 1603)
May 24 – Anders Bording, Danish writer (b. 1619)
June 11 – Jacques Esprit, French writer (b. 1611)
June 23 – Wilhelm Ludwig, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1647)
June 18 – Johann Franck, German poet and hymnist (b. 1618)
June 26 – Francesco Buonamici, Italian architect, painter and engraver (b. 1596)^[141]
July 11 – Timothy Turner, English judge, actor (b. 1585)
July 27 – Johannes Loccenius, German historian (b. 1598)
July 30 – Fabian von Fersen, Swedish soldier (b. 1626)
August
- Matthew Locke, English composer (b. 1621)
- Joseph Pardo, English-Jewish hazzan (b. c. 1624)
August 1 – George Christian, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (1669–1671) (b. 1626)
August 20 – Pierre Petit, French astronomer, military engineer, and physicist (b. 1594)
August 28 – Wallerant Vaillant, painter of the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1623)
September 11 – James Harrington, English political philosopher (b. 1611)
September 12
- Tønne Huitfeldt, Norwegian landowner and military officer (b. 1625)
- Camillo Massimo, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts (b. 1620)
October 9 – Gustav Adolph, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken and general sergeant of the Holy Roman Empire at the Rhine (b. 1632)
October 14 – Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic, Polish poet (b. 1597)
November 2 – Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, English politician (b. 1595)
November 9 – Aernout van der Neer, Dutch painter (b. 1603)
November 11
- Johann Weikhard of Auersperg, Austrian prime minister (b. 1615)
- Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer (b. 1619)
November 14 – Matthias Abele, Austrian jurist, mine official (b. 1618)
December 13 – Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk, English noble (b. 1627)
December 14 – Christian Albert, Burgrave and Count of Dohna, German nobleman and general in the army of Brandenburg (b. 1621)
December 26 – Bernhard Gustav of Baden-Durlach, Swedish general, Prince-Abbot and cardinal (b. 1631)
date unknown – Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1598)

1678

January 4 – Joan Maetsuycker, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1606)^[142]
January 11 – Ferrante III Gonzaga, Duke of Guastalla, Italian noble (b. 1618)^[143]
January 12 – Robert Ellison, English politician (b. 1614)^[144]
January 23 – Sir William Curtius FRS, German magistrate and English baronet (b. 1599)^[145]
January 27 – Maria Overlander van Purmerland, Dutch noble (b. 1603)^[146]
January 29 – Jeronimo Lobo, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (b. 1593)^[147]
February 7 – Sir Philip Musgrave, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1607)^[148]
November 20 – Daniel Clasen, German academic (b. 1622)^[149]
March 3 – Philip Bell, British colonial governor (b. 1590)^[150]
March 10 – Jean de Launoy, French historian (b. 1603)^[151]
March 27 – Juan de Leyva de la Cerda, conde de Baños, Spanish noble (b. 1604)
April 12 – Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick, 7th daughter of Richard Boyle (b. 1625)^[152]
April 23 – Walter Aston, 2nd Lord Aston of Forfar, second and eldest surviving son of Walter Aston (b. 1609)^[153]
April 24 – Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1661–1678) (b. 1630)
April 27 – Nicolas Roland, French priest and founder (b. 1642)
May 2 – Willem Nieupoort, Dutch politician, and diplomat (b. 1607)^[154]
May 3 – Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena, German noble (b. 1638)^[155]
May 4 or May 14 – Anna Maria van Schurman, Dutch poet and scholar (b. 1607)^[156]
May 16 – Tamura Muneyoshi, Japanese daimyō of the Iwanuma Domain (b. 1637)
May 18 – Miyamoto Iori, Japanese samurai (b. 1612)^[157]
June 2 – Pieter de Groot, Dutch diplomat (b. 1615)
June 17 – Giacomo Torelli, Italian stage designer, engineer, and architect (b. 1608)^[158]
June 19 – Benedict Arnold, Rhode Island colonial governor (b. 1615)^[159]
June 24 – Charles de Lorme, French physician (b. 1584)^[160]
August 5 – Juan García de Zéspedes, Mexican musician and composer (b. 1619)
August 16 – Andrew Marvell, English writer (b. 1621)^[161]
August 17 – Guillaume Herincx, Flemish theologian, Bishop of Ypres (b. 1621)^[162]
August 28 – John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, English soldier (b. 1602)^[163]
August 31 – Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1658)
September 1 – Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (b. 1601)^[164]
September 8 – Pietro della Vecchia, Italian painter (b. 1603)^[165]
September 19 – Christoph Bernhard von Galen, Westphalian Catholic prince-bishop of Münster and military leader (b. 1606)^[166]
September 18 – Maurizio Cazzati, Italian composer (b. 1616)^[167]
October 5 – Hedevig Ulfeldt, daughter of King Christian IV of Denmark and Kirsten Munk (b. 1626)^[168]
October 11 – Sir Peter Leycester, 1st Baronet, British historian (b. 1614)^[169]
October 12
- Pieter Codde, Dutch painter (b. 1599)^[170]
- Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate (b. 1621)^[86]
October 14 – Sir Richard Newdigate, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1602)^[171]
October 16 – Cornelis HrR Ridder de Graeff, Dutch nobleman and chief landholder of the Zijpe and Haze Polder (b. 1650)^[172]
October 18 – Jacob Jordaens, Flemish painter (b. 1593)^[173]
October 19 – Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten, Dutch painter (b. c. 1627)^[174]
November 1 – William Coddington, first Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1601)^[175]
November 4 – Solomon Swale, English politician (b. 1610)^[176]
November 5 – Giovan Battista Nani, Italian historian and diplomat (b. 1616)^[177]
November 10 – Daniel Zwicker, German physician (b. 1612)^[178]
November 30 – Andries de Graeff, Dutch politician (b. 1611)^[179]
December 3 – Edward Colman, English Catholic courtier under Charles II (b. 1636)^[180]
December 20 – Matthew Marvin, Sr., Connecticut settler (b. 1600)^[181]

1679

Jan Steen

Joost van den Vondel

Dorothy, Lady Pakington

Thomas Hobbes

Anne Geneviève de Bourbon

John Maurice

January 1 – Jan Steen, Dutch painter (b. c. 1626)
January 8 – Raymond Breton, French missionary (b. 1609)
January 14 – Jacques de Billy, French Jesuit mathematician (b. 1602)
January 15 – Pierre Lambert de la Motte, French bishop (b. 1624)
January 24
- Ulderico Carpegna, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1595)
- Maurice Henry, Prince of Nassau-Hadamar (1653–1679) (b. 1626)
January 29 – Carlo Ceresa, Italian painter (b. 1609)
February 5 – Joost van den Vondel, Dutch dramatist and poet (b. 1587)
February 6 – Margherita de' Medici, Italian duchess regent of Parma (b. 1612)
February 18 – Lady Anne Finch Conway, English philosopher (b. 1631)
February 19 – Henricus Regius, Dutch philosopher (b. 1598)
February 19 – Thomas Hales, Connecticut settler (b. 1610)
February 22 – Henrik Rysensteen, Dutch military engineer (b. 1624)
March 11
- Sir John Covert, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1620)
- Luise Marie of the Palatinate, German princess (b. 1647)
March 16
- John Leverett, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1616)
- Johan Frederik von Marschalck, German-born landowner, Chancellor of Norway (b. 1618)
- Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian-born humanist (b. 1621)
March 27 – Abraham Mignon, Dutch golden age painter (b. 1640)
April – Thomas Notley, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. 1632)
April 5 – Anne Geneviève de Bourbon, French princess and political activist (b. 1619)
May 3 – James Sharp, Scottish archbishop (assassinated) (b. 1613)
May 5 – Magnus Celsius, Swedish astronomer and mathematician (b. 1621)
May 6 – Peregrine Hoby, English politician (b. 1602)
May 10 – Dorothy, Lady Pakington, English religious writer (b. 1623)
May 14 – August of Legnica, Silesian nobleman (b. 1627)
May 26 – Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1636)
June 3 – Francisque Millet, Flemish-French painter (b. 1642)
June 7 – Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, German noblewoman (b. 1638)
June 15 – Guillaume Courtois, French painter (b. 1628)
June 27 – Pablo Bruna, blind Spanish composer and organist (b. 1611)
July 4 – Antoine Garaby de La Luzerne, French poet (b. 1617)
July 11 – William Chamberlayne, English poet (b. 1619)
July 19 – Francis Anderson, English politician (b. 1614)
July 26 – Edward Bayntun, English politician (b. 1618)
August – Catherine Lepère, French midwife (b. 1601)
August 6 – John Snell, English royalist (b. 1629)
August 12 – Marie de Rohan, French courtier and political activist (b. 1600)
August 20 – Jacob Alting, Dutch linguist (b. 1618)
August 24 – Jean François Paul de Gondi, Cardinal de Retz, French churchman and agitator (b. 1614)
August 28 – Alfonso Litta, Cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b. 1608)
August 29 – Margaret Mostyn, English Carmelite nun (b. 1625)
September 9 – John Gurdon, English politician (b. 1595)
September 11 – Nicolaes Visscher I (buried), Dutch engraver, cartographer and publisher (b. 1618)
September 17 – John of Austria the Younger, Spanish general (b. 1629)
September 25 – Philips Augustijn Immenraet, Flemish painter (b. 1627)
September 29 – John Manners, 8th Earl of Rutland, English politician when he inherited the peerage (b. 1604)
October 1 – Antonia of Württemberg, princess, literary figure, patron, and Christian Kabbalist (b. 1613)
October 2 – Sir William Bowyer, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1612)
October 3 – Hugh Bethell, English Member of Parliament and High Sheriff (b. 1615)
October 12 – William Gurnall, English writer (b. 1617)
October 26 – Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, British soldier, statesman, and dramatist (b. 1621)
November 11 – Rosina Schnorr, German businessperson (b. 1618)
November 19 – Roger Conant, Massachusetts governor, founder of Salem, Massachusetts (b. 1592)
November 27 – Archibald Primrose, Lord Carrington, Scottish judge (b. 1616)
December 4 – Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher (b. 1588)
December 10 – Francesco Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1597)
December 20 – John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1604)
December 18 – John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg (1665–1679) (b. 1625)
December 21 – Claude Lamoral, 3rd Prince of Ligne, Spanish general and prince (b. 1618)
December 28
- Peder Winstrup, Bishop of Lund (b. 1605)
- Andrzej Trzebicki, nobleman and priest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (b. 1607)
December 31 – Giovanni Alfonso Borelli, Italian physiologist and physicist (b. 1608)

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