Events from the year 1756 in Scotland.
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- 4 January – Hugh Johnston, merchant and politician in New Brunswick (died 1829 in Canada)
- 4 March – Henry Raeburn, portrait painter (died 1823)[5]
- 10 April – John West, mathematician (died 1817 in Jamaica)
- 31 May – James Currie, physician and editor of Burns' poetry (died 1805 in England)
- 23 September – John Loudon McAdam, road engineer (died 1836)
- 30 October – James Perry, born Pirie, journalist (died 1821 in England)
- December – Sir William Honyman, Lord Armadale, landowner and judge (died 1835)
- Ranald MacDonald, Roman Catholic bishop (died 1832)
- January – Tobias Smollett becomes the first editor of The Critical Review, published in Edinburgh.
- 14 December – Rev. John Home's blank verse tragedy Douglas is performed for the first time, in Edinburgh, with considerable success, in spite of the opposition of the local church presbytery, who summon Rev. Alexander Carlyle to answer for having attended its representation;[6] however, it fails in its early promise to set up a new Scottish dramatic tradition.
Chesher, Susan; Foster, Linda; Hogben, Laurence (1979). A Short History of the Villages: Charlestown, Limekilns and Pattiesmuir. Charlestown, Limekilns and Pattiesmuir Community Council. p. 16.