Amlodipine
Medication against high blood pressure / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Amlodipine, sold under the brand name Norvasc among others, is a calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, coronary artery disease (CAD)[10] and variant angina (also called Prinzmetal angina or coronary artery vasospasm, among other names).[11] It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth).[10]
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Pronunciation | /æmˈloʊdɪˌpiːn/[1] |
Trade names | Norvasc, Istin, Norliqva, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a692044 |
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Routes of administration | Oral |
Drug class | Calcium channel blocker |
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Bioavailability | 64–90% |
Protein binding | 93%[7] |
Metabolism | Liver |
Metabolites | Various inactive pyrimidine metabolites |
Onset of action | Highest availability 6–12 hours after oral dose[10] |
Elimination half-life | 30–50 hours |
Duration of action | At least 24 hours[10] |
Excretion | Urine[10] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.102.428 |
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Formula | C20H25ClN2O5 |
Molar mass | 408.88 g·mol−1 |
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Chirality | Racemic mixture |
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Common side effects include swelling, feeling tired, abdominal pain, and nausea.[10] Serious side effects may include low blood pressure or heart attack.[10] Whether use is safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding is unclear.[2][10] When used by people with liver problems, and in elderly individuals, doses should be reduced.[10] Amlodipine works partly by vasodilation (relaxing the arteries and increasing their diameter).[10] It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type.[10]
Amlodipine was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1990.[12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[13] It is available as a generic medication.[10][14] In 2021, it was the fifth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 73 million prescriptions.[15][16]