Black rhinoceros
Species of mammal / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The black rhinoceros, black rhino or hook-lipped rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) is a species of rhinoceros, native to eastern and southern Africa including Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Although the species is referred to as black, its colours vary from brown to grey. It is the only extant species of the genus Diceros.
| Black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros[1] Temporal range: Pliocene - Recent | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A south-western black rhinoceros (D. b. occidentalis) in Etosha National Park, Namibia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Perissodactyla |
| Family: | Rhinocerotidae |
| Genus: | Diceros |
| Species: | D. bicornis |
| Binomial name | |
| Diceros bicornis | |
| Subspecies | |
|
Diceros bicornis bicornis † | |
_of_Diceros_bicornis..svg) | |
| Historical black rhinoceros range (ca. 1700 A.D.).[4] Hatched: Possible historical range in West Africa.[5] | |
 | |
| Current black rhinoceros range Extant, resident Extinct Extant & Reintroduced (resident) Extant & Assisted Colonisation (resident) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The other African rhinoceros is the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). The word "white" in the name "white rhinoceros" is often said to be a misinterpretation of the Afrikaans word wyd (Dutch wijd) meaning wide, referring to its square upper lip, as opposed to the pointed or hooked lip of the black rhinoceros. These species are now sometimes referred to as the square-lipped (for white) or hook-lipped (for black) rhinoceros.[6]
The species overall is classified as critically endangered (even though the south-western black rhinoceros is classified as near threatened) and is threatened by multiple factors including poaching and habitat reduction. Three subspecies have been declared extinct, including the western black rhinoceros, which was declared extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2011.[7][8] The IUCN estimates that there are 3,142 mature individuals remaining in the wild.[2]