Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)
Conflict during the Syrian Civil War / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Protests against the Syrian government and violence had been ongoing in the Syrian city of Deir ez-Zor since March 2011, as part of the wider Syrian Civil War, but large-scale clashes started following a military operation in late July 2011 to secure the city of Deir ez-Zor. The rebels took over most of the province by late 2013, leaving only small pockets of government control around the city of Deir ez-Zor.
Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) | ||||||||
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Part of the Deir ez-Zor Governorate campaign of the Syrian civil war | ||||||||
Situation in Deir ez-Zor in March 2014 Syrian Government control Opposition control | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas (rebel claim)[4] Supported by: Hezbollah[5] |
Free Syrian Army (SNC-aligned units)[3] Authenticity and Development Front Al-Nusra Front[6][3] Ahrar al-Sham[3] Euphrates Islamic Liberation Front Sons of Islam Movement[3] Jaysh Ahl as-Sunna wa-l-Jama’a[3] Jabhat al-Jihad wal-Bina' al-Islamiyya[3] Liwa al-Fatihoun min Ard ash-Sham[3] Supported by: al-Okaidat clan (majority)[7] |
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (Islamic State of Iraq until April 2013) Supported by: al-Bakkir clan[7] al-Okaidat clan (minority)[7] | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | ||||||||
Maj. Gen. Issam Zahreddine (Republican Guard Brigade 104 commander)[3] Maj. Gen. Jameh Jameh †[8] (Head of Deir ez-Zor Military Intelligence) Kifah Moulhem[9] (Battalion commander) Turki Albu Hamad[10] (Militia commander) |
Mohammad Abboud[3] (SNC commander for eastern Syria) Fares Bayoush[11] (until 2012) Hussein Abu Sultan "Abu Ghanam" †[12] (Lions of Al Jazeera commander) Abu Alaith[13] (Liwa Ahfad Mohammad commander) Abu Mohammad al-Julani[7] (Leader of al-Nusra Front) Abu Maria Al-Qahtani[7][3] (Sharia leader for al-Nusra Front) Abu Salam Tabsah[14] (al-Nusra Front commander) Mohammad al-Chati "Abu Hamza" †[3] (Leader of Liwa al-Fatihoun min Ard ash-Sham) |
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi (Caliph of ISIL) Amer al-Rafdan[7] (ISIL prefect of Deir ez-Zor) Ali Kmaz †[7] (ISIL field commander) | ||||||
Units involved | ||||||||
See Units | See Units | Military of ISIL | ||||||
Strength | ||||||||
9,000 soldiers and policemen, 150+ tanks | 17,000 fighters (opposition claim, all withdrawn)[15] | 3,000+ fighters |
Since late 2013, ISIS became increasingly involved in the battle, but retreated tactically in February 2014. Still, in April 2014, ISIS launched a massive offensive, taking over all rebel areas. Heavy fighting continued in the city over the following years between government troops and ISIS. By mid-November 2016, it was reported that since the start of the fighting in Deir ez-Zor city five years earlier, around 3,000 anti-government jihadists and 2,500 pro-government fighters had been killed. Government forces were besieged but remained in control of 40 percent of the city and the military airport.[16]