Demographics of Russia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As of the 2021 census, the population of Russia was 147.2 million.[9] It is the most populous country in Europe, and the ninth-most populous country in the world, with a population density of 8.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (22 inhabitants/sq mi).[10] As of 2020, the overall life expectancy in Russia at birth was 71.54 years (66.49 years for males and 76.43 years for females).[1]
Demographics of Russia | |
---|---|
Population | 144,699,673 146,115,376 (December, 2023) |
Growth rate | 0.39 (2020)[1] |
Birth rate | 9.0 births/1,000 population (2022)[2] |
Death rate | 13.1 deaths/1,000 population (2022) |
Life expectancy | 70.06 years (2021)[1] |
• male | 65.51 years (2021)[1] |
• female | 74.51 years (2021)[1] |
Fertility rate | 1.42 (2022)[3] |
Infant mortality rate | 4.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2020)[1] |
Net migration rate | 0.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2020)[1] |
Age structure | |
Under 18 years | ~23.21%[4] |
18–44 years | ~34.73%[4] |
45–64 years | 26.55%[4] |
65 and over | 15.6%[4] |
Sex ratio | |
Total | 0.86 male(s)/female (2009) |
At birth | 1.06 male(s)/female |
Under 15 | 1.06 male(s)/female (male 11,980,138/female 11,344,818) |
15–64 years | 0.925 male(s)/female (male 48,166,470/female 52,088,967) |
65 and over | 0.44 male(s)/female (male 5,783,983/female 13,105,896) |
Nationality | |
Nationality | noun: Russian(s) adjective: Russian |
Major ethnic | Russians |
Language | |
Spoken | Russian, others |
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
0 | 9,000,000 | — |
1000 | 9,000,000 | +0.00% |
1200 | 14,500,000 | +0.24% |
1500 | 14,700,000 | +0.00% |
1600 | 18,000,000 | +0.20% |
1700 | 18,000,000 | +0.00% |
1800 | 25,000,000 | +0.33% |
1900 | 73,000,000 | +1.08% |
1926 | 93,000,000 | +0.94% |
1930 | 100,000,000 | +1.83% |
1960 | 119,000,000 | +0.58% |
1970 | 130,079,000 | +0.89% |
1979 | 137,552,000 | +0.62% |
1989 | 147,386,000 | +0.69% |
2000 | 146,597,000 | −0.05% |
2010 | 142,849,000 | −0.26% |
2021 | 144,700,000 | +0.12% |
Source:[5][6][7][failed verification][8] |
From 1992 to 2012, and again since 2016, Russia's death rate has exceeded its birth rate, which has been called a demographic crisis by analysts.[11] Subsequently, the nation has an ageing population, with the median age of the country being 40.3 years.[12] In 2009, Russia recorded annual population growth for the first time in fifteen years; during the mid-2010s, Russia had seen increased population growth due to declining death rates, increased birth rates and increased immigration.[13] Between 2020 and 2021, prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia's population had undergone its largest peacetime decline in recorded history, due to excess deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic.[14] In addition, at least 1 million Russians fled the country to avoid military service in the war.
Russia is a multinational state,[15] home to over 193 ethnic groups nationwide. In the 2021 Census, nearly 72% of the population were ethnic Russians and approximately 19% of the population were ethnic minorities.[fn 1][16] According to the United Nations, Russia's immigrant population is the world's third largest, numbering over 11.6 million; most of whom are from other post-Soviet states.[17]