Draft:H.H. Asquith as Chancellor and peacetime Prime Minister
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Herbert Henry Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC, KC, FRS (12 September 1852 – 15 February 1928), generally known as H. H. Asquith, served as the Liberal Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 until 1916, the last to lead that party in government without a coalition. Asquith took the United Kingdom into the First World War, but resigned amid political conflict in December 1916 and was succeeded by his War Secretary David Lloyd George.
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The Earl of Oxford and Asquith | |
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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |
In office 5 April 1908 – 5 December 1916 | |
Monarchs | |
Preceded by | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman |
Succeeded by | David Lloyd George |
Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
In office 10 December 1905 – 12 April 1908 | |
Prime Minister | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman |
Preceded by | Austen Chamberlain |
Succeeded by | David Lloyd George |
Home Secretary | |
In office 18 August 1892 – 25 June 1895 | |
Prime Minister | |
Preceded by | Henry Matthews |
Succeeded by | Matthew White Ridley |
Secretary of State for War | |
In office 30 March 1914 – 5 August 1914 | |
Preceded by | J. E. B. Seely |
Succeeded by | The Earl Kitchener |
Leader of the Opposition | |
In office 12 February 1920 – 21 November 1922 | |
Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | |
Preceded by | Donald Maclean |
Succeeded by | Ramsay MacDonald |
In office 6 December 1916 – 14 December 1918 | |
Monarch | George V |
Prime Minister | David Lloyd George |
Preceded by | Sir Edward Carson |
Succeeded by | Donald Maclean |
Leader of the Liberal Party | |
In office 30 April 1908 – 14 October 1926 | |
Preceded by | Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman |
Succeeded by | David Lloyd George |
Personal details | |
Born | Herbert Asquith (1852-09-12)12 September 1852 Morley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England |
Died | 15 February 1928(1928-02-15) (aged 75) Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire, England |
Resting place | All Saints' Church, Sutton Courtenay |
Political party | Liberal |
Spouses |
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Children | 10, including Raymond, Herbert, Arthur, Violet, Cyril, Elizabeth, Anthony |
Education | |
Profession | Barrister |
When the Liberals regained power under Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman in 1905, Asquith was named as Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1908, when the dying Campbell-Bannerman resigned, Asquith succeeded him as prime minister, with Lloyd George as chancellor.
With their first majority government since the 1880s, the Liberals were determined to advance their agenda. An impediment to this was the unelected House of Lords, dominated by the Conservatives. When Lloyd George proposed, and the House of Commons passed, the People's Budget of 1909, the Lords rejected it. Meanwhile, the South Africa Act 1909 passed. Asquith called an election for January 1910, and the Liberals won, though only with a minority government. Although the Lords then passed the budget, Asquith was determined to reform the upper house, and after another general election in December 1910 gained passage of the Parliament Act 1911, allowing a bill three times passed by the Commons in consecutive sessions to be enacted regardless of the Lords. Asquith was less successful in dealing with Irish Home Rule. Repeated crises led to gun running and violence, a pattern that continued past the start of the First World War in 1914.