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Extreme poverty

Condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Extreme poverty[lower-alpha 1] is the most severe type of poverty, defined by the United Nations (UN) as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not only on income but also on access to services".[1] Historically, other definitions have been proposed within the United Nations.

World-population-in-extreme-poverty-absolute.svg
Number of people living in extreme poverty from 1820 to 2015.
  Population not in extreme poverty
  Population living in extreme poverty
Total_population_living_in_extreme_poverty%2C_by_world_region_%28PovcalNet%2C_World_Bank_%281987_to_2013%29%29%2C_OWID.svg
Total population living in extreme poverty, by world region 1990 to 2015.
  Latin America and Caribbean
  East Asia and Pacific Islands
  South Asia
  Middle East and North Africa
  Europe and Central Asia
  Sub-Saharan Africa
  Other high income countries
The_number_of_people_below_different_poverty_lines.svg
The number of people living on less than $1.90, $3.20, $5.50, and $10 globally from 1981 to 2015.
  More than $10 a day
  $5.50 to $10 a day
  $3.20 to $5.50 a day
  $1.90 to $3.20 a day
  Less than $1.90 a day

In 2018, extreme poverty mainly refers to an income below the international poverty line of $1.90 per day (in 2011 prices, $2.29 in 2021 dollars[2]), set by the World Bank. In October 2017, the World Bank updated the international poverty line, a global absolute minimum, to $1.90 a day.[3] This is the equivalent of $1.00 a day in 1996 US prices, hence the widely used expression "living on less than a dollar a day".[4] The vast majority of those in extreme poverty reside in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. As of 2018, it is estimated that the country with the most people living in extreme poverty is Nigeria, at 86 million.[5][6][7]

In the past, the vast majority of the world population lived in conditions of extreme poverty.[8][9] The percentage of the global population living in absolute poverty fell from over 80% in 1800 to under 20% by 2015.[10] According to UN estimates, in 2015 roughly 734 million people or 10% remained under those conditions.[11] The number had previously been measured as 1.9 billion in 1990, and 1.2 billion in 2008. Despite the significant number of individuals still below the international poverty line, these figures represent significant progress for the international community, as they reflect a decrease of more than one billion people over 15 years.[11]

In public opinion surveys around the globe, people surveyed tend to think that extreme poverty has not decreased.[12][13]

The reduction of extreme poverty and hunger was the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG1), as set by the United Nations in 2000. Specifically, the target was to reduce the extreme poverty rate by half by 2015, a goal that was met five years ahead of schedule.[14] In the Sustainable Development Goals, which succeeded the MDGs, the goal is to end extreme poverty in all its forms everywhere. With this declaration the international community, including the UN and the World Bank have adopted the target of ending extreme poverty by 2030.