Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
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Intravenous sodium bicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate, is a medication primarily used to treat severe metabolic acidosis.[1] For this purpose it is generally only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when the underlying cause is either diarrhea, vomiting, or the kidneys.[2] Other uses include high blood potassium, tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and cocaine toxicity as well as a number of other poisonings.[1][3][4] It is given by injection into a vein.[2]
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Trade names | many |
Other names | sodium hydrogen carbonate, monosodium carbonate |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682001 |
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Routes of administration | intravenous |
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Bioavailability | 100% (intravenous) |
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Formula | CHNaO3 |
Molar mass | 84.006 g·mol−1 |
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Side effects may include low blood potassium, high blood sodium, and swelling.[1][4] It is not recommended for people with low blood calcium level.[5] Sodium bicarbonate is in the alkalinizing family of medications.[5] It works by increasing blood bicarbonate, which buffers excess hydrogen ion and raises blood pH.[5]
Commercial production of sodium bicarbonate began between 1791 and 1823.[6] Intravenous medical use began around the 1950s.[4] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] Sodium bicarbonate is available as a generic medication.[5]