John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 – 7 May 1873)[1] was an English philosopher, political economist, politician and civil servant. One of the most influential thinkers in the history of classical liberalism, he contributed widely to social theory, political theory, and political economy. Dubbed "the most influential English-speaking philosopher of the nineteenth century" by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,[2] he conceived of liberty as justifying the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state and social control.[3]

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John Stuart Mill
Mill, c. 1870

Member of Parliament for City of Westminster
In office 25 July 1865 – 17 November 1868 Serving with Robert Grosvenor
Preceded by	De Lacy Evans
Succeeded by	William Henry Smith

Personal details
Born	(1806-05-20)20 May 1806 Pentonville, Middlesex, England
Died	7 May 1873(1873-05-07) (aged 66) Avignon, Vaucluse, France
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Harriet Taylor (m. 1851; died 1858)
Parent	James Mill (father)
Alma mater	University College London
Philosophy career

Era	19th-century philosophy Classical economics
Region	Western philosophy
School	Empiricism Utilitarianism Consequentialism Psychologism Classical liberalism
Main interests	Economics ethics logic politics
Notable ideas	Public/private sphere social liberty hierarchy of pleasures in utilitarianism rule utilitarianism classical liberalism early liberal feminism harm principle Mill's Methods direct reference theory Millian theory of proper names emergentism

Signature

Utilitarianism
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Predecessors Mozi Śāntideva David Hume Claude Adrien Helvétius Cesare Beccaria William Godwin Francis Hutcheson William Paley
Key proponents Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill Henry Sidgwick R. M. Hare Peter Singer
Types of utilitarianism Negative Rule Act Two-level Total Average Preference Classical
Key concepts Pain Suffering Pleasure Utility Happiness Eudaimonia Consequentialism Equal consideration Felicific calculus Utilitarian social choice rule
Problems Demandingness objection Mere addition paradox Paradox of hedonism Replaceability argument Utility monster
Related topics Rational choice theory Game theory Neoclassical economics Population ethics Effective altruism
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Capitalism
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Concepts Austerity Business Business cycle Businessperson Capital Capital accumulation Capital markets Company Corporation Competitive markets Economic interventionism Economic liberalism Economic surplus Entrepreneurship Fictitious capital Financial market Free price system Free market Goods and services Investor Invisible hand Visible hand Liberalization Marginalism Money Private property Privatization Profit Rent seeking Supply and demand Surplus value Value Wage labour
Economic systems Anglo-Saxon Authoritarian Corporate Dirigist Free-market Humanistic Laissez-faire Liberal Libertarian Market Mercantilist Mixed Monopoly National Neoliberal Nordic Private Raw Regulated market Regulatory Rhine Social State State-sponsored Welfare
Economic theories American Austrian Chartalism MMT Chicago Classical Institutional Keynesian Neo- New Post- Market monetarism Critique of political economy Critique of work Marxist Monetarist Neoclassical New institutional Supply-side
Origins Age of Enlightenment Capitalism and Islam Commercial Revolution Feudalism Industrial Revolution Mercantilism Primitive accumulation Physiocracy Simple commodity production
Development Advanced Consumer Community Corporate Crony Finance Global Illiberal Late Marxist Merchant Progressive Rentier State monopoly Technological
People Adam Smith John Stuart Mill David Ricardo Thomas Robert Malthus Jean-Baptiste Say Karl Marx Milton Friedman Friedrich Hayek John Maynard Keynes Alfred Marshall Vilfredo Pareto Leon Walras Ludwig von Mises Ayn Rand Murray Rothbard Joseph Schumpeter Thorstein Veblen Max Weber Ronald Coase
Related topics Anti-capitalism Capitalist propaganda Capitalist realism Capitalist state Consumerism Crisis theory Criticism of capitalism Critique of political economy Critique of work Cronyism Culture of capitalism Evergreening Exploitation of labour Globalization History History of theory Market economy Periodizations of capitalism Perspectives on capitalism Post-capitalism Speculation Spontaneous order Venture philanthropy Wage slavery
Ideologies Anarcho Authoritarian Classical liberalism Democratic Dirigisme Eco Humanistic Inclusive Liberal Liberalism Libertarian Neo Neoliberalism Objectivism Ordoliberalism Privatism Right-libertarianism Third Way
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Mill was a proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by his predecessor Jeremy Bentham. He contributed to the investigation of scientific methodology, though his knowledge of the topic was based on the writings of others, notably William Whewell, John Herschel, and Auguste Comte, and research carried out for Mill by Alexander Bain. He engaged in written debate with Whewell.[4]

A member of the Liberal Party and author of the early feminist work The Subjection of Women, Mill was also the second member of Parliament to call for women's suffrage after Henry Hunt in 1832.[5][6]

British philosopher and political economist (1806–1873) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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