Tondo (historical polity)
City-state in what is now Manila, Philippines, from c. 900 to 1589 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In early Philippine history, the Tagalog settlement at Tondo (Tagalog: [tunˈdo]; Baybayin: ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ), sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Tondo, was a major trade hub located on the northern part of the Pasig River delta, on Luzon island. Together with Maynila, the polity (bayan) that was also situated on the southern part of the Pasig River delta, had established a shared monopoly on the trade of Chinese goods throughout the rest of the Philippine archipelago, making it an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia.[15][7][16][9][17][18][19]
Tondo Tundun[1] ᜆᜓᜈ᜔ᜇᜓ | |||||||||||
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before 900[2][Notes 1]–1589[3] | |||||||||||
Capital | Tondo | ||||||||||
Common languages | Old Tagalog, Kapampangan, and Classical Malay[2] | ||||||||||
Religion | |||||||||||
Government | Bayan feudal monarchy ruled by a king with the title lakan, consisting of several barangay duchies that are ruled by the respective datu[9][5][10][11] | ||||||||||
Lakan | |||||||||||
• c. 900 | Unnamed ruler represented by Jayadewa, Lord Minister of Pailah (according to a record of debt acquittance) | ||||||||||
Rajah Lontok and Dayang Kalangitan | |||||||||||
Lakandula | |||||||||||
Agustin de Legazpi | |||||||||||
Historical era | Antiquity to Early modern[2][Notes 3] | ||||||||||
• First historical mention, in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription; trade relations with the Mataram Kingdom implied[2] | before 900[2][Notes 4] | ||||||||||
• Various proposed dates for the founding of the neighboring Rajahnate of Maynila range as early as the 1200s (see Battle of Manila (1258) and (1365)) to the 1500s (see Battle of Manila (1500))[Notes 5] | c. 1200s to c. 1500s | ||||||||||
1373 | |||||||||||
c. 1520 | |||||||||||
1570 | |||||||||||
1571 | |||||||||||
• Attack of Limahong and concurrent Tagalog revolt of 1574 | 1574 | ||||||||||
• Discovery of the Tondo Conspiracy, dissolution of indigenous rule, and integration into the Spanish East Indies | 1589[3] | ||||||||||
Currency | Piloncitos, Gold rings, and Barter[14] | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Today part of | Philippines |
Tondo is of particular interest to Filipino historians and historiographers because it is one of the oldest historically documented settlements in the Philippines. Scholars generally agree that it was mentioned in the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, the Philippines' oldest extant locally produced written document, dating back to 900 A.D.[2][9][20]
Following contact with the Spanish beginning in 1570 and the defeat of local rulers in the Manila Bay area in 1571, Tondo was ruled from Intramuros, a Spanish fort built on the remains of the Maynila polity. Tondo's absorption into the Spanish Empire effectively ended its status as an independent political entity; it now exists as a district of the modern City of Manila.