List of London Underground electric multiple units
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electric multiple units have operated on the London Underground since 1898, and exclusively since 1961.[1] They are of two sizes, smaller deep-tube trains and larger sub-surface trains that are of a similar size to those on British main lines.
The Waterloo & City line opened in 1898 with electric multiple units,[2] and the later tube railways followed, using trains that were known as gate stock, as access was via lattice gates at each end of each car.[3] The earlier railways had electrified the underground sections by 1907.[4] Pneumatic sliding doors were introduced on tube trains in 1920[5] and sub-surface trains in the late 1930s.[6] Until the early 1960s an electric locomotive was exchanged for a steam locomotive on the Metropolitan line beyond Rickmansworth.[7] The Victoria line opened in the late 1960s using Automatic Train Operation (ATO),[8] and the last train with a guard ran in 2000.[9]