Metamizole
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Metamizole or dipyrone is a painkiller, spasm reliever, and fever reliever drug. It is most commonly given by mouth or by intravenous infusion.[13][11][14] It belongs to the ampyrone sulfonate family of medicines and was patented in 1922. Metamizole is marketed under various trade names.[2][3] It was first used medically in Germany under the brandname "Novalgin".[15]
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Trade names | Novalgin, Algocalmin,[1] Analgin, others[2] |
Other names | Dipyrone (BAN UK, USAN US, Sulpyrine (JAN JP) |
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Routes of administration | Oral, IM, IV, rectal |
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Bioavailability | 100% (active metabolites)[11] |
Protein binding | 48–58% (active metabolites)[11] |
Metabolism | Liver[11] |
Elimination half-life | 14 minutes (parent compound; parenteral);[4] metabolites: 2–4 h[11] |
Duration of action | 4–6 h[12] |
Excretion | Urine (96%, IV; 85%, oral), faeces (4%, IV).[4] |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.631 |
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Formula | C13H17N3O4S |
Molar mass | 311.36 g·mol−1 |
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Metamizole is available over-the-counter in many countries, but from in the 1970s it was banned in some countries due to studies linking it to severe adverse effects, including agranulocytosis.[16] Other studies find that it is a safer drug than other painkillers.[17][18] Metamizole is popular in many countries where it is available.[19]