Portal:Horses
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The Horses PortalThe horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal. It belongs to the taxonomic family Equidae and is one of two extant subspecies of Equus ferus. The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, close to Eohippus, into the large, single-toed animal of today. Humans began domesticating horses around 4000 BCE, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BCE. Horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses. These feral populations are not true wild horses, which are horses that never have been domesticated and historically linked to the megafauna category of species. There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior. Horses are adapted to run, allowing them to quickly escape predators, and possess a good sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response. Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horses tending to sleep significantly more than adults. Female horses, called mares, carry their young for approximately 11 months and a young horse, called a foal, can stand and run shortly following birth. Most domesticated horses begin training under a saddle or in a harness between the ages of two and four. They reach full adult development by age five, and have an average lifespan of between 25 and 30 years. Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods", such as draft horses and some ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "warmbloods", developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe. There are more than 300 breeds of horse in the world today, developed for many different uses. (Full article...)
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Credit: Böhringer Friedrich |
A Haflinger foal. The Haflinger is a breed of horse developed in Austria and northern Italy. Haflinger horses are relatively small and are always chestnut in color. The breed is well-muscled, but with an elegant appearance. Haflingers have many uses, including light draft and harness work as well as various under-saddle disciplines.
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- ... that the white horse in mythology is associated with the sun chariot, warrior-heroes, fertility or an end-time saviour?
- ... that after endangering himself to control the imperial horse, Qi Ying was made an imperial attendant by Emperor Dezong of Tang?
- ... that an enterolith is a calculus found in the intestine of an animal, usually a horse or human?
- ...that the discovery of horse bones at the archaeological site of Hallur in south India refuted the theory that horses were introduced to this region as part of the Indo-Aryan migration?
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The Icelandic horse (Icelandic: íslenski hesturinn [ˈistlɛnscɪ ˈhɛstʏrɪn]), or Icelandic, is a breed of horse developed in Iceland. Although the horses are smaller (at times pony-sized) compared to other breeds, most registries for the Icelandic refer to it as a horse. The breed is long-lived and hardy, owing to the ruggedness of its home country. In their native Iceland they have few afflictions or diseases, thus national laws are in place preventing foreign-born horses from being imported into the country, while exported animals are not permitted to return. In addition to the gaits of walk, trot, and canter/gallop, typical of other horse breeds, many Icelandic horses can also do the tölt (ambling gait) and the flying pace. The only breed of horse in Iceland, the Icelandic is also popular internationally, and sizable populations exist in Europe and North America. The breed is still used for traditional sheepherding work in its native country, as well as for leisure, showing, and racing.
Developed from ponies brought to Iceland by Norse settlers in the 9th and 10th centuries, the breed is mentioned in various documents from throughout Icelandic history; an early reference to a named-horse appears in the 12th century. Horses were venerated in Germanic religion, a custom brought to Iceland by the country's earliest settlers. Centuries of selective breeding have developed the Icelandic horse into its modern physical form, with natural selection having also played a role in overall hardiness and disease resistance; the harsh Icelandic climate likely eliminated many weaker horses early on due to exposure and malnourishment, with the strongest passing on their genes. In the 1780s, much of the breed was wiped out in the aftermath of a volcanic eruption at Laki. The first breed society for the Icelandic horse was created in Iceland in 1904, and the breed is represented by organizations in 22 different nations as of 2024[update], organised under a parent association, the International Federation of Icelandic Horse Associations. (Full article...)Did you know (auto-generated)
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- ... that Carrbridge Packhorse Bridge is the oldest-known stone bridge in the Scottish Highlands?
- ... that British horse trainer Alice Hayes rode a zebra sidesaddle in the late 19th century?
- ... that the 17-animal inheritance puzzle has variously been stated with 17 camels, 17 elephants, or 17 horses?
- ... that the fungal infection conidiobolomycosis mainly affects people living in tropical areas but was first reported in horses in Texas?
- ... that when the Numidian king Syphax attempted to rally his fleeing army at the Battle of Cirta he was thrown from his horse and captured?
- ... that 2020 European pommel horse champion Matvei Petrov won Albania's first medal at the European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships?
General images
- Image 21- Heel perioplium, 2-Bulb, 3-Frog, 4-Frog cleft, 5-Lateral groove, 6-Heel, 7-Bar, 8-Seat-of-corn, 9-Pigmented walls 10-Water line, 11-White line, 12-Apex of the frog, 13-Sole, 14-Toe, 15-How to measure hoof width (blue dotted line), 16-Quarter, 17-How to measure length (blue dotted line) (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 3Equine colon (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 5Skull of a giant extinct horse, Equus eisenmannae (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 6Points of a horse (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 7Reconstruction of possible ancestral coat colors. (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 8Relief depicting Assyrian king Ashurbanipal in a chariot, inspecting booty and prisoners from Babylon (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 9Protohippus simus (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 10Terracotta urn in the shape of a horse (Iran, 1000 BCE) at the Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 11Eohippus, with left forefoot (third metacarpal colored) and tooth (a, enamel; b, dentin; c, cement) detailed (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 12Extinct equids restored to scale. Left to right: Mesohippus, Neohipparion, Eohippus, Equus scotti and Hypohippus. (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 13The dispersal of the DOM2 genetic lineage, believed to be the ancestor of all modern domesticated horses, is linked with the populations which preceded the Sintashta culture and their expansions. (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 14Chariots of Ramesses II and the Hittites in the Battle of Kadesh, 1274 BCE (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 15Skeletal evolution (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 16The early stages of domestication were marked by a rapid increase in coat color variation. (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 17Pliohippus pernix (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 18alt=Muscles of the Horse Torso (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 19Equus caballus germanicus front leg, teeth and upper jaw at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 20The pinna of a horse's ears can rotate in any direction to pick up sounds (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 23Surroundings of the Shirenzigou archaeological site in Barkol County. (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 26A dehydrated anatomical specimen (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 27This image shows a representative sequence, but should not be construed to represent a "straight-line" evolution of the horse. Reconstruction, left forefoot skeleton (third digit emphasized yellow) and longitudinal section of molars of selected prehistoric horses (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 28Restoration of Eurohippus parvulus, a mid- to late Eocene equid of Europe (Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin) (from Evolution of the horse)
- Image 29A horse's skeleton (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 30Drawing of a horse, a mammoth, a rhinoceros in the Shulgan-Tash Cave, 25-10 thousand years B.C. (from Domestication of the horse)
- Image 31Equine stomach. (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 33Secondary characteristics of a stallion include heavier muscling for a given breed than is seen in mares or geldings, often with considerable development along the crest of the neck, as shown in this image. (from Equine anatomy)
- Image 35A horse's eye (from Equine anatomy)
Topics
Horse • Pony • Asinus • Equus (genus) • Equidae • Zebra • Glossary of equestrian terms • List of horse breeds • Evolution of the horse • Domestication of the horse • Horse care • Stable • Horse training • Equestrianism • Horse tack • Saddle • Equine nutrition • Equine anatomy • Equine conformation • Equine coat color • Equine coat color genetics • Horse markings • Equine vision • Horse hoof • Horseshoe • Horse gait • Horse behavior • Horse breeding • Breed registry • Equine infectious anemia • Horse colic • Lameness • Laminitis • Horse slaughter • Horses in warfare • Arabian horse • Thoroughbred
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