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Key to type (fourth column): | |
A | Attack without prior, formal declaration of war; |
R | Revolt, usually supported by one of the sides without a formal declaration of war; |
S | Severing of diplomatic relations without a formal declaration of war; |
U | State of war arrived at through use of ultimatum; |
V | Volunteers sent out without a formal declaration of war; |
W | Formal declaration of war made. |
Date | Initiator nation(s) | Targeted nation(s) | Type | Notes/comments | Document/event | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 28, 1914 | Austria-Hungary[lower-alpha 1] | Serbia | W | The Bombing of Belgrade, and by extension the first military action of the war, began at midnight on July 28 and 29.[1] | Declaration | [2] |
August 1, 1914 | German Empire[lower-alpha 2] | Russian Empire[lower-alpha 3] | W | Declaration | [3] | |
August 2, 1914 | Luxembourg | A | Invasion started 3 p.m. CET. Never officially declared war. | Invasion | [4] | |
August 3, 1914 | France[lower-alpha 4] | W | Declaration | [3] | ||
August 4, 1914 | Belgium | U | Invasion | [5] | ||
British Empire[lower-alpha 5] | German Empire | U | Ultimatum expired at 11 p.m. GMT, and 12 a.m. CET on August 5.[6] | Declaration | [7] | |
August 6, 1914 | Montenegro | Austria-Hungary | W | Declaration | [8] | |
Austria-Hungary | Russian Empire | W | ||||
August 8, 1914 | German Empire | W | ||||
August 12, 1914 | Austria-Hungary | W | ||||
August 23, 1914 | Japan | German Empire | U | Ultimatum sent to Germany on August 15, but went unanswered by the government. | Declaration | [9] |
August 25, 1914 | Austria-Hungary | W | [10] | |||
August 28, 1914 | Austria-Hungary | Belgium | W | |||
September 15, 1914 | Transvaal Republic | British Empire | R | Uprising supported by Germany. | Rebellion | |
October 29, 1914 | Ottoman Empire | Russian Empire | A | Attacks against Russian ports by German admiral Wilhelm Souchon. | Attacks | [11] |
November 1, 1914 | Russian Empire | Ottoman Empire | W | [12] | ||
November 5, 1914 | W | [13] | ||||
W | [13] | |||||
November 11, 1914 | Ottoman Empire | W | Read out on November 14 as a jihad against "all enemies of the Ottoman Empire, except the Central Powers." | Declaration | [14] | |
December 2, 1914 | Serbia | Ottoman Empire | W | |||
December 3, 1914 | Montenegro | W | ||||
December 5, 1914 | Japan | W | ||||
December 11, 1914 | Senusiyya | British Empire | A | The Senussi never officially joined the Central Powers, but were supported by the Ottomans and Germans. | Attack | |
April 29, 1915 | Italy | A | ||||
May 23, 1915 | Italy | Austria-Hungary | W | |||
June 3, 1915 | San Marino | W | Despite declaring war, the nation sent very few volunteer forces, nor did it participate in any peace treaties.[15] | [16][17] | ||
August 21, 1915 | Italy | Ottoman Empire | W | |||
August 28, 1915 | German Empire | W | ||||
September 14, 1915 | Senusiyya | France | A | |||
June 10, 1916 | Hejaz | Ottoman Empire | R | Uprising supported by the United Kingdom. | Rebellion | |
August 26, 1916 | Bulgaria | Greece | A | Invasion | ||
August 27, 1916 | Romania | Austria-Hungary | A | Joined the war after an ultimatum issued to them by the Allies stating for them to join "now or never". | Naval raid | |
August 28, 1916 | German Empire | Romania | W | |||
August 30, 1916 | Ottoman Empire | W | ||||
PGND | Greece | R | Rival government formed by Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos to defend the nation during the National Schism. | Coup d'état | ||
September 1, 1916 | Bulgaria | Romania | W | |||
October 1, 1916 | PGND | W | [18] | |||
April 6, 1917 | United States | German Empire | W | Declaration | [19] | |
April 7, 1917 | W | [20] | ||||
W | ||||||
April 27, 1917 | Guatemala | S | [21] | |||
June 27, 1917 | Greece | W | ||||
W | ||||||
W | ||||||
W | ||||||
September 21, 1917 | Costa Rica | German Empire | S | [22] | ||
December 7, 1917 | Ecuador | S | Did not declare war, but was present at the Treaty of Versailles. | [23] | ||
United States | Austria-Hungary | W | Declaration | [24] | ||
December 10, 1917 | Panama | W | Of the Latin American nations, Panama was the only one to quickly follow the U.S. in declaring war on Austria-Hungary. | [25] | ||
April 23, 1918 | Guatemala | German Empire | W | |||
May 6, 1918 | Nicaragua | Austria-Hungary | W | Nicaragua was the only other Central American nation to declare war on both Germany and Austria-Hungary. | [26] | |
German Empire | W | |||||
May 23, 1918 | Costa Rica | W | [27] | |||
July 12, 1918 | Haiti | W | ||||
July 19, 1918 | Honduras | W | ||||
November 10, 1918 | Romania | W | Re-declared war after the abdication of Wilhelm II, and one day before the Armistice of 11 November 1918 | Declaration | [28] |
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