Water supply and sanitation in Ghana
Drinking water supply and sanitation in Ghana / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The water supply and sanitation sector in Ghana is a sector that is in charge of the supply of healthy water and also improves the sanitation of water bodies in the country.
Data | |
---|---|
Water coverage (broad definition) | 78% (2015)[1] |
Sanitation coverage (broad definition) | 14% (2015)[1] (Share of collected wastewater treated: about 10% in Accra[2]) |
Continuity of supply | 25% in Accra[3] |
Average urban water use (L/person/day) | n/a |
Average urban water and sanitation tariff (US$/m3) | GHS3.01/m3 (US$0.76/m3)[4] |
Share of household metering | n/a |
Annual investment in WSS | US$0.7 per capita[5] |
Share of external financing | About 90% development assistance[6] |
Institutions | |
Decentralization to municipalities | In rural areas: Decentralization to districts, since 1994 |
National water and sanitation company | Yes: Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) |
Water and sanitation regulator | In urban areas: Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) |
Responsibility for policy setting | Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources[7] |
Sector law | various |
No. of urban service providers | 1: GWCL |
No. of rural service providers | more than 400 community-managed piped systems[8] |
In Ghana, the drinking water supply and sanitation sectors face a number of issues, including relatively limited sanitation access, intermittent supply, significant water losses, poor water pressure, and pollution. Since 1994, the sector has been gradually reformed through the creation of an autonomous regulatory agency, introduction of private sector participation, decentralization of the rural supply to 138 districts and increased community participation in the management of rural water systems.[9][10]
An international company has managed all urban water systems since 2006 under a 5-year management contract which expired after achieving only some of its objectives. The reforms also aim at increasing cost recovery and a modernization of the urban utility Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL).[9] Another problem which partly arose from the recent reforms is the existence of a multitude of institutions with overlapping responsibilities. The National Water Policy (NWP), which was launched at the beginning of 2008, introduced a comprehensive sector policy.[11]