Zhao Ziyang

Zhao Ziyang (Chinese: 赵紫阳; pronounced [ʈʂâʊ tsɹ̩̀.jǎŋ], 17 October 1919 – 17 January 2005) was a Chinese politician. He was the third premier of the People's Republic of China from 1980 to 1987, vice chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1981 to 1982, and CCP general secretary from 1987 to 1989. He was in charge of the political reforms in China from 1986, but lost power in connection with the reformative neoauthoritarianism current and his support of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests.

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Zhao Ziyang
赵紫阳
Zhao in 1985
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
In office 15 January 1987[a] – 24 June 1989
Preceded by	Hu Yaobang
Succeeded by	Jiang Zemin
3rd Premier of the People's Republic of China
In office 10 September 1980 – 24 November 1987
President	Li Xiannian (since 1983)
Vice Premier	See list Wan Li Yao Yilin Li Peng Tian Jiyun Qiao Shi
Leader	Deng Xiaoping
Preceded by	Hua Guofeng
Succeeded by	Li Peng
Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
In office 8 March 1978 – 17 June 1983
Chairman	Deng Xiaoping
Secretary General	Liu Lantao
Vice Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party
In office 29 June 1981 – 12 September 1982 Serving with Ye Jianying Deng Xiaoping Li Xiannian Chen Yun Hua Guofeng
Chairman	Hu Yaobang
First Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
In office 1 November 1987 – 23 June 1989 Serving with Yang Shangkun
Chairman	Deng Xiaoping
Secretary-General	Yang Shangkun
Personal details
Born	Zhao Xiuye (1919-10-17)17 October 1919 Hua County, Henan, Republic of China
Died	17 January 2005(2005-01-17) (aged 85) Beijing, People's Republic of China
Resting place	Changping District, Beijing
Political party	Communist Party of China (from 1938)
Spouse	Liang Boqi ​ (m. 1944)​
Children	6
Signature
Central institution membership 1987–1989: 13th Central Military Commission 1980–1989: 11th, 12th, 13th Politburo Standing Committee 1979–1989: 11th, 12th, 13th Politburo 1972–1989: 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th Central Committee  ?–1989: 7th National People's Congress Other offices held 1987–1989: Vice Chairman, State Central Military Commission 1987–1989: Vice Chairman, Party Central Military Commission 1981–1982: Vice Chairman, Central Committee 1980–1989: Leader, Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs 1975–1980: Governor, Sichuan Province 1975–1980: Party Committee Secretary, Sichuan Province 1974–1975: Governor, Guangdong Province 1974–1975: Party Committee Secretary, Guangdong Province 1965–1967: Party Committee Secretary, Guangdong Province
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	赵紫阳
Traditional Chinese	趙紫陽
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhào Zǐyáng Wade–Giles Chao4 Tzu3-yang2 IPA [ʈʂâʊ tsɨ̀.jǎŋ] Yue: Cantonese Jyutping Ziu6 Zi2-joeng4 IPA [tsiːu˨ tsiː˧˥ jœːŋ˩] Southern Min Hokkien POJ Tiō Chí-iông
Zhao Xiuye
Simplified Chinese	赵修业
Traditional Chinese	趙修業
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Zhào Xiūyè
a. ^ Acting: 15 January – 1 November 1987

Zhao joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in February 1938. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, he served as the chief officer of CCP Hua County Committee, Director of the Organization Department of the CCP Yubei prefecture Party Committee, Secretary of the CCP Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region Prefecture Party Committee and Political Commissar of the 4th Military Division of the Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region. During the Chinese Civil War of 1945–1949, Zhao served as the Deputy Political Commissar of Tongbai Military Region, Secretary of the CCP Nanyang Prefecture Party Committee and Political Commissar of Nanyang Military Division.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Zhao became Deputy Secretary of the South China Branch of the CCP Central Committee. He also served as Secretary of the Secretariat of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the CCP, Second Secretary and First Secretary of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the CCP. He was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution and spent time in political exile. After being rehabilitated, Zhao then was appointed Secretary of the CCP Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Committee, First Secretary of the CCP Guangdong Provincial Committee, First Secretary of the CCP Sichuan Provincial Committee and First Political Commissar of the Chengdu Military Region, Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference of the People's Republic of China.[1]

As a senior government official, Zhao was critical of Maoist policies and instrumental in implementing free-market reforms, first in Sichuan and subsequently nationwide. He emerged on the national scene due to support from Deng Xiaoping after the Cultural Revolution. An advocate of the privatization of state-owned enterprises, the separation of the party and the state, and general market economy reforms, he sought measures to streamline China's bureaucracy and fight corruption and issues that challenged the party's legitimacy in the 1980s. Many of these views were shared by the then General Secretary Hu Yaobang.[2]

His economic reform policies and sympathies with student demonstrators during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 placed him at odds with some members of the party leadership, including Central Advisory Commission Chairman Chen Yun, CPPCC Chairman Li Xiannian, and Premier Li Peng. Zhao also began to lose favor with Deng Xiaoping, who was the Chairman of the Central Military Commission. In the aftermath of the events, Zhao was purged politically and effectively placed under house arrest for the rest of his life. After his house arrest, he became much more radical in his political beliefs, supporting China's full transition to liberal democracy. He died from a stroke in Beijing in January 2005. Because of his political fall from grace, he was not given the funeral rites generally accorded to senior Chinese officials. His secret memoirs were smuggled out and published in English and in Chinese in 2009, but the details of his life remain censored in China.