1805 in Germany

Baden- Charles Frederick (27 April 1803 – 6 August 1806)
Bavaria- Maximilian I (16 February 1799 – 6 August 1806)^[1]
Saxony- Frederick Augustus I (17 December 1763 – 20 December 1806)^[2]
Würzburg- Ferdinand III (25 December 1805 – 6 August 1806)
Württemberg - Frederick I (1803 – 30 October 1816)^[3]

Kingdom of Prussia
- Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)^[4]

Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- Frederick Francis I (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)^[5]
Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Charles II (2 June 1794 – 6 November 1816)^[6]
Grand Duke of Oldenburg
- Wilhelm (6 July 1785 – 2 July 1823) Due to mental illness, Wilhelm was duke in name only, with his cousin Peter, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck, acting as regent throughout his entire reign.^[7]
- Peter I (2 July 1823 – 21 May 1829)^[7]
Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar
- Karl August (1758–1809) Raised to grand duchy in 1809

Schaumburg-Lippe
- George William (13 February 1787 – 1860)
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- Louis Frederick II (13 April 1793 – 28 April 1807)^[8]
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 – 19 August 1835)
Principality of Lippe
- Leopold II (5 November 1802 – 1 January 1851)^[9]
Principality of Reuss-Greiz
- Heinrich XIII (28 June 1800 – 29 January 1817)
Waldeck and Pyrmont
- Friedrich Karl August (29 August 1763 – 24 September 1812)

Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
- Leopold III (16 December 1751 – 9 August 1817)^[10]
Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) - Frederick^[5]
Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
- Francis (8 September 1800 – 9 December 1806)
Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
- Bernhard II (24 December 1803 – 20 September 1866)^[11]
Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
- Frederick Charles Louis (24 February 1775 – 25 March 1816)^[12]

Events

7 April – Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, Eroica, has its public premiere at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna under his baton.
9 April - The first Weltsekttag to celebrate the resistance to Napoleon.
8 October – Battle of Wertingen
9 October – Battle of Günzburg
11 October – Battle of Haslach-Jungingen
14 October – Napoleonic Wars: War of the Third Coalition – Ulm Campaign: Battle of Elchingen – An Austrian corps under Johann von Riesch is defeated by Marshal Ney, near Elchingen, Bavaria.
16–19 October – War of the Third Coalition: Ulm Campaign – Battle of Ulm: Austrian General Mack von Leiberich is forced to surrender his entire army to Napoleon, after being surrounded.
3 November – Treaty of Potsdam
20 November – Beethoven's only opera Fidelio, in its original form (known retrospectively as Leonore), is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, which at this time is under French military occupation.
German Army surgeon Philipp Bozzini invents the lichtleiter, ancestor of the endoscope, for examination of bodily orifices.^[13]^[14]^[15]
Grand Duchy of Würzburg is established.

Births

30 July – Rudolf Wagner, German anatomist, pathologist (died 1864)
27 September – George Müller, Prussian evangelist, founder of the New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, Bristol in England (died 1898)
14 November – Fanny Mendelssohn, German composer, pianist (died 1847)^[16]

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Deaths

17 January – Paschen von Cossel, German lawyer (born 1714)
20 February – Justus Claproth, German jurist, inventor of the de-inking process of recycled paper (born 1728)
9 May – Friedrich Schiller, German playwright (born 1759)

Incumbents