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1991 elections in India
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Elections in the Republic of India in 1991 included the general election, elections to seven state legislative assemblies and to seats in the Rajya Sabha.
Quick Facts Incumbent Prime Minister, Next Lok Sabha ...
| ← 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 → | |
| Incumbent Prime Minister | P. V. Narasimha Rao |
|---|---|
| Next Lok Sabha | 14th |
| Rajya Sabha elections | |
| Overall control | Indian National Congress |
| Seats contested | TBD |
| Net seat change | TBD |
| Lok Sabha elections | |
| Seats contested | 543 |
| State elections | |
| States contested | 7 |
| Net state change | TBD |
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General Election
Main article: 1991 Indian general election
More information Party, Votes ...
 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
| Indian National Congress | 99,799,403 | 36.26 | 232 | |
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 55,345,075 | 20.11 | 120 | |
| Janata Dal | 32,589,180 | 11.84 | 59 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 16,954,797 | 6.16 | 35 | |
| Janata Party | 9,267,096 | 3.37 | 5 | |
| Telugu Desam Party | 8,223,271 | 2.99 | 13 | |
| Communist Party of India | 6,851,114 | 2.49 | 14 | |
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 5,741,910 | 2.09 | 0 | |
| All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 4,470,542 | 1.62 | 11 | |
| Bahujan Samaj Party | 4,420,719 | 1.61 | 2 | |
| Shiv Sena | 2,208,712 | 0.80 | 4 | |
| Revolutionary Socialist Party | 1,749,730 | 0.64 | 4 | |
| Asom Gana Parishad | 1,489,898 | 0.54 | 1 | |
| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 1,481,900 | 0.54 | 6 | |
| Janata Dal (Gujarat) | 1,399,702 | 0.51 | 1 | |
| Pattali Makkal Katchi | 1,283,065 | 0.47 | 0 | |
| All India Forward Bloc | 1,145,015 | 0.42 | 3 | |
| Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha | 982,954 | 0.36 | 1 | |
| Indian Union Muslim League | 845,418 | 0.31 | 2 | |
| Indian Peoples Front | 644,891 | 0.23 | 0 | |
| Natun Asom Gana Parishad | 494,628 | 0.18 | 0 | |
| Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha | 490,275 | 0.18 | 0 | |
| Doordarshi Party | 466,869 | 0.17 | 0 | |
| All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen | 456,900 | 0.17 | 1 | |
| Kerala Congress (M) | 384,255 | 0.14 | 1 | |
| Jharkhand Party | 350,699 | 0.13 | 0 | |
| Haryana Vikas Party | 331,794 | 0.12 | 1 | |
| Nagaland People's Council | 328,015 | 0.12 | 1 | |
| Bharatiya Republican Paksha | 327,941 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| Kerala Congress | 319,933 | 0.12 | 0 | |
| Peasants and Workers Party of India | 295,402 | 0.11 | 0 | |
| United Minorities Front, Assam | 206,737 | 0.08 | 0 | |
| Lokdal | 173,884 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Marxist Co-ordination Committee | 171,767 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| United Reservation Movement Council of Assam | 170,376 | 0.06 | 0 | |
| Manipur Peoples Party | 169,692 | 0.06 | 1 | |
| Autonomous State Demand Committee | 139,785 | 0.05 | 1 | |
| Sanjukta Loka Parishad | 125,738 | 0.05 | 0 | |
| Sikkim Sangram Parishad | 106,247 | 0.04 | 1 | |
| Republican Party of India (Khobragade) | 91,557 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Shiromani Akali Dal (Simaranjit Singh Mann) | 88,084 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Plain Tribals Council of Assam | 87,387 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Mizo National Front | 82,019 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Sarv Jati Janata Parishad | 70,368 | 0.03 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha | 67,495 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party | 64,752 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Tharasu Makkal Mandram | 55,165 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Uttarakhand Kranti Dal | 47,369 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava) | 43,085 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Bharatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh | 42,504 | 0.02 | 0 | |
| Jan Parishad | 37,725 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Republican Party of India | 36,541 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Amra Bangali | 35,186 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Indian Union Muslim League (IML) | 31,387 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Sampooran Kranti Das | 29,647 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Das | 28,528 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Uttar Pradesh Republican Party | 28,379 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Yuva Vikas Party | 28,159 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) | 27,730 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Jawan Kisan Mazdoor Party | 23,929 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Proutist Bloc of India | 22,734 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Soshit Samaj Dal | 19,925 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Jansangh | 19,243 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Orissa Vikas Parishad | 15,893 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Hul Jharkhand Party | 15,406 | 0.01 | 0 | |
| Socialist Party of India (Lohia) | 12,928 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Hindustani Krantikari Samajwadi Party | 12,820 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Dalit Panthers Party | 11,967 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Bharatiya Loktantrik Mazdoor Dal | 10,837 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Revolutionary Samaj Dal | 8,825 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bhartiya Shivsena-Rashtrawadi | 8,810 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Asom Jatiyatabadi Dal | 8,519 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Ambedkar Makkal Iyakkam | 8,252 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Asom Jatiya Parishad | 8,047 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Socialist Party (Ramakant Pandey) | 7,104 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Pichhadavarg Party | 6,897 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh | 5,888 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Vidarbha Praja Party | 5,597 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Gram Parishad | 5,521 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bhartiya Dharmnirpeksh Dal | 5,436 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Hindu Swaraj Sangathan | 5,325 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Republican Presidium Party of India | 4,967 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Surajya Party | 4,705 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Sarvodaya Party | 4,642 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Janata Dal (Samajwadi) | 4,548 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Deseeya Karshaka Party | 4,508 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Gondwana Party | 3,605 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Azad Hind Fauz (Rajkiya) | 3,543 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Samdarshi Party | 2,921 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Lok Party | 2,873 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Socialist League of India | 2,852 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| All India Urdu Morcha | 2,655 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bhartiya Ramrajya Parishad (Vasudev Shastri Atul) | 2,519 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| All India Kisan Mazdoor Sabha | 2,311 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Pondicherry Mannila Makkal Munnani | 2,259 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Pandav Dal | 2,213 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Internationalist Democratic Party | 2,078 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Gomant Lok Party | 1,983 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha | 1,792 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Workers Party of India | 1,781 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Nationalist Party | 1,768 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Marx Engles Leninist Commune Health Association | 1,692 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Nagaland Peoples Party | 1,572 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Adarsh Lok Dal | 1,544 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Desh Bhakt Party | 1,521 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Bharat Desham Party | 1,466 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Republican Party of India (Kamble) | 1,300 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Janhit Jagrati Party | 1,245 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Mukt Bharat | 1,191 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Rashtriya Krantikari Dal | 1,125 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Sampooran Rashtriya Sena | 1,040 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Gramma Munnetra Kazhagam | 1,030 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Navbharat Party | 787 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Labour Party of India (V.V. Prasad) | 684 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Thayaga Marumalrchi Kazhagam | 665 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Poorvanchal Rashtriya Congress | 605 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Jammu-Kashmir Panthers Party | 587 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Kannada Paksha | 576 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Mahila Dal | 573 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Socialist Revolutionary Party | 571 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Lokhit Morcha | 532 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Republican Party of India (Athawale) | 521 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Labour Party (Ashok Bhattacharjee) | 434 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Loktantra Party | 408 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Cheluva Kannad Nadu | 383 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Azad Party | 372 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Democratic Party of India | 359 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Bharatiya Backward Party | 329 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Hindu Shiv Sena (A.K. Brahmbatt) | 325 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Rashtriya Unnatsheel Das | 316 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Gram Parishad | 314 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Loktantric Alpsankhyak Janmorcha | 257 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Sr. Citizens National Party of India | 250 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Socialist Labour League | 246 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| M.G.R. Munnetra Kazhagam | 228 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Mahabharat People's Party | 225 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Janata Congress Party of Bharatvarsha | 194 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bhartiya Hindu Shakti Dal | 193 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Socialist Party | 166 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Kannada Desh Party | 164 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Bharatiya Dhruba Labour Party | 142 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Jai Mahakali Nigrani Samiti | 138 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Bhartiya Sangthit Nagrik Party | 120 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Vishal Bharat Party | 56 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Jan Ekata Morcha | 34 | 0.00 | 0 | |
| Independents | 11,441,688 | 4.16 | 1 | |
| Nominated Anglo-Indians | 2 | |||
| Total | 275,206,990 | 100.00 | 523 | |
| Valid votes | 275,206,990 | 97.35 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 7,493,952 | 2.65 | ||
| Total votes | 282,700,942 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 498,363,801 | 56.73 | ||
| Source: [1] | ||||
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Overall Results
More information Date(s), State ...
| Date(s) | State | Government before election | Chief Minister before election | Government after election | Chief Minister after election | Maps | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 April 1991 | West Bengal | Left Front | Jyoti Basu | Left Front | Jyoti Basu |  | ||
| 6 to 8 June 1991 | Assam | President's Rule | Indian National Congress | Hiteswar Saikia |  | |||
| 15 June 1991 | Pondicherry | President's Rule | Indian National Congress | V. Vaithilingam |  | |||
| Tamil Nadu | President's Rule | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | J. Jayalalithaa |  | ||||
| 18 June 1991 | Kerala | Left Democratic Front | E. K. Nayanar | United Democratic Front | K. Karunakaran |  | ||
| June 1991 | Haryana | President's Rule | Indian National Congress | Bhajan Lal Bishnoi |  | |||
| June 1991 | Uttar Pradesh | President's Rule | Bhartiya Janata Party | Kalyan Singh |  | |||
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Legislative Assembly elections
Assam
Main article: 1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election
More information Party, Votes ...
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Indian National Congress | 2,455,302 | 29.35 | 66 |  41 | |
| Asom Gana Parishad | 1,499,911 | 17.93 | 19 | New | |
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 548,271 | 6.55 | 10 | New | |
| Natun Asom Gana Parishad | 456,209 | 5.45 | 5 | New | |
| Janata Dal | 398,623 | 4.77 | 1 | New | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 321,926 | 3.85 | 2 | 0 | |
| Communist Party of India | 206,541 | 2.47 | 4 | 4 | |
| Autonomous State Demand Committee | 133,280 | 1.59 | 4 | New | |
| Others | 553,683 | 6.62 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 1,791,086 | 21.41 | 15 |  77 | |
| Total | 8,364,832 | 100.00 | 126 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 8,364,832 | 94.33 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 502,807 | 5.67 | |||
| Total votes | 8,867,639 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 11,892,170 | 74.57 | |||
| Source: ECI[2] | |||||
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Haryana
Main article: 1991 Haryana Legislative Assembly election
More information Political Party, No. of candidates ...
| Political Party |
No. of candidates |
No. of elected |
Number of Votes |
% of Votes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indian National Congress | 90 | 51 | 2,084,856 | 33.73% | |
| Janata Party | 88 | 16 | 1,361,955 | 22.03% | |
| Haryana Vikas Party | 61 | 12 | 775,375 | 12.54% | |
| Janata Dal | 25 | 3 | 277,380 | 4.49% | |
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 89 | 2 | 582,850 | 9.43% | |
| Bahujan Samaj Party | 26 | 1 | 143,611 | 2.32% | |
| Independents | 1412 | 5 | 848,527 | 13.73% | |
| Total | 1885 | 90 | 6,181,187 |
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Kerala
Main article: 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
More information Party, Seats ...
| Party | Seats |
|---|---|
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 12 |
| Communist Party of Indian (Marxist) (CPM) | 28 |
| Indian Congress (Socialist-Sarat Chandra Sinha) ICS(SCS) | 2 |
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 55 |
| Janta Dal (JD) | 3 |
| Kerala Congress (M) (KCM) | 10 |
| Kerala Congress (KEC) | 1 |
| Muslim League (MUL) | 19 |
| Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) | 2 |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M) | 1 |
| Communist Marxist Party of India (CPM)(K) | 1 |
| National Democratic Party (NDP) | 2 |
| Independent (IND) | 4 |
| Total | 140 |
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Pondicherry
Main article: 1991 Pondicherry Legislative Assembly election
More information Party, Votes ...
 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
| Indian National Congress | 117,289 | 30.00 | 15 | 4 | |
| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 96,607 | 24.71 | 4 | 5 | |
| All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | 67,792 | 17.34 | 6 | 3 | |
| Janata Dal | 26,321 | 6.73 | 1 | 3 | |
| Communist Party of India | 19,503 | 4.99 | 1 | 1 | |
| Others | 27,678 | 7.08 | 0 | 0 | |
| Independents | 35,739 | 9.14 | 3 | 2 | |
| Total | 390,929 | 100.00 | 30 | 0 | |
| Valid votes | 390,929 | 97.29 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 10,895 | 2.71 | |||
| Total votes | 401,824 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 593,318 | 67.72 | |||
| Source: ECI[5] | |||||
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Tamil Nadu
Main article: 1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election
More information Alliance/Party, Seats won ...
| Alliance/Party | Seats won | Change | Popular Vote | Vote % | Adj. %‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIADMK+ alliance | 225 | +172 | 14,738,042 | 59.8% | ||
| AIADMK | 164 | +137 | 10,940,966 | 44.4% | 61.1% | |
| INC | 60 | +34 | 3,743,859 | 15.2% | 56.2% | |
| ICS(SCS)† | 1 | +1 | 53,217 | 0.2% | 56.1% | |
| DMK+ alliance | 7 | -164 | 7,405,935 | 30.0% | ||
| DMK | 2 | -148 | 5,535,668 | 22.5% | 29.9% | |
| TMK | 2 | -1 | 371,645 | 1.5% | 31.0% | |
| CPI(M) | 1 | -14 | 777,532 | 3.2% | 31.2% | |
| JD | 1 | +1 | 415,947 | 1.7% | 28.3% | |
| CPI | 1 | -2 | 305,143 | 1.2% | 29.9% | |
| Others | 2 | -8 | 2,505,431 | 10.2% | ||
| PMK | 1 | +1 | 1,452,982 | 5.9% | 7.0% | |
| JP | 0 | -4 | 51,564 | 0.2% | 0.7% | |
| IND | 1 | -5 | 390,227 | 1.6% | 1.7% | |
| Total | 234 | – | 24,649,408 | 100% | – | |
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†: ICS(SCS) contested in 13 different constituencies, but only the one contested by Sanjay Ramaswamy was endorsed by AIADMK.
‡: Vote % reflects the percentage of votes the party received compared to the entire electorate that voted in this election. Adjusted (Adj.) Vote %, reflects the % of votes the party received per constituency that they contested.
Sources: Election Commission of India [6]
Uttar Pradesh
Main article: 1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
More information Party Name, Seats ...
| Party Name | Seats |
|---|---|
| Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) | 221 |
| Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) | 12 |
| Communist Party of India (CPI) | 4 |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPM) | 1 |
| Indian National Congress (INC) | 46 |
| Janata Dal (JD) | 92 |
| Janata Party (JP) | 34 |
| Shiv Sena (SHS) | 1 |
| Shoshit Samaj Dal (SSD) | 1 |
| Independents | 7 |
| Total | 419 |
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West Bengal
Main article: 1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
More information Party, Candidates ...
| Party | Candidates | Seats | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left Front & allies | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |
204 | 182 | 10,954,379 | 35.37 |
| All India Forward Bloc | 34 | 29 | 1,707,676 | 5.51 | |
| Revolutionary Socialist Party | 23 | 18 | 1,073,445 | 3.47 | |
| Communist Party of India | 12 | 6 | 542,964 | 1.75 | |
| West Bengal Socialist Party | 4 | 4 | 208,147 | 0.67 | |
| Marxist Forward Bloc | 2 | 2 | 130,454 | 0.42 | |
| Democratic Socialist Party (Prabodh Chandra) | 2 | 2 | 98,905 | 0.39 | |
| Revolutionary Communist Party of India | 2 | 1 | 92,544 | 0.30 | |
| Biplobi Bangla Congress | 1 | 0 | 50,414 | 0.16 | |
| Janata Dal | 8 | 1 | 208,951 | 0.67 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League | 1 | 0 | 35,489 | 0.11 | |
| Communist Revolutionary League of India | 1 | 0 | 22,716 | 0.07 | |
| Congress & allies | Indian National Congress | 284 | 43 | 10,875,834 | 35.12 |
| Gorkha National Liberation Front | 3 | 3 | 146,541 | 0.47 | |
| Jharkhand Party | 6 | 1 | 140,391 | 0.45 | |
| United Communist Party of India | 1 | 0 | 40,806 | 0.13 | |
| Congress-supported independent | 1 | 0 | 40,426 | 0.13 | |
| Bharatiya Janata Party | 291 | 0 | 3,513,121 | 11.34 | |
| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | 23 | 0 | 95,038 | 0.31 | |
| Bahujan Samaj Party | 97 | 0 | 88,836 | 0.29 | |
| Janata Party | 78 | 0 | 50,037 | 0.16 | |
| Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) | 18 | 0 | 41,828 | 0.14 | |
| Indian People's Front | 23 | 0 | 39,004 | 0.13 | |
| Indian Union Muslim League | 28 | 0 | 28,156 | 0.09 | |
| Amra Bangalee | 60 | 0 | 22,295 | 0.07 | |
| Workers Party of India | 6 | 0 | 10,670 | 0.03 | |
| Hul Jharkhand Party | 3 | 0 | 9,239 | 0.03 | |
| Doordashti Party | 26 | 0 | 4,980 | 0.02 | |
| Marxist Communist Party of India | 5 | 0 | 3,804 | 0.01 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha | 5 | 0 | 1,553 | 0.01 | |
| Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh | 6 | 0 | 1,485 | 0.00 | |
| Indian National Congress (O) Anti Merger Group | 5 | 0 | 1,309 | 0.00 | |
| All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh | 2 | 0 | 988 | 0.00 | |
| Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Gouranga Sit) | 1 | 0 | 983 | 0.00 | |
| Shiv Sena | 1 | 0 | 880 | 0.00 | |
| Indian Congress (Socialist-Sarat Chandra Sinha) | 1 | 0 | 876 | 0.00 | |
| Bolshevik Party of India | 1 | 0 | 335 | 0.00 | |
| Bharat Dal | 1 | 0 | 203 | 0.00 | |
| Lok Dal | 1 | 0 | 121 | 0.00 | |
| Bidhan Dal | 1 | 0 | 92 | 0.00 | |
| Independents Including Socialist Unity Centre of India candidates |
631 | 2 | 684,130 | 2.21% | |
| Total | 1,903 | 294 | 30,970,045 | 100 | |
| Source: Election Commission of India[7] | |||||
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Rajya Sabha
Main article: 1991 Indian Rajya Sabha elections
References
External links
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