2025 United States state legislative elections

For related races, see 2025 United States elections.

The 2025 United States state legislative elections will be held on November 4, 2025, for two state legislative chambers in two states. Across the fifty states, 3 percent of all lower house seats will be up for election, with no upper house having regularly scheduled elections. These elections take place concurrently with several other state and local elections, including the 2025 gubernatorial elections.

2025 United States state legislative elections

← 2024 November 4, 2025 2026 →
2 legislative chambers 2 states
Party Republican Democratic Coalition Current chambers 57[a] 39[a] 2[b]
Map of upper house elections:      Special elections held or to be held      No regularly-scheduled elections
Map of lower house elections:      Democratic-controlled chamber up      Special elections held or to be held      No regularly-scheduled elections

Background

The 2025 state legislative elections are the first held during the second presidency of Donald Trump following his victory in the 2024 presidential election. Republicans saw very modest coattails in the concurrent legislative elections, flipping a net of just over 50 seats from the Democrats and breaking Democratic trifectas in two states, but establishing no new trifectas of their own. Entering 2025, Republicans fully control 23 state governments, Democrats control 15, with 12 states under split control. Only two states are holding regularly scheduled legislative elections in 2025: New Jersey, which Democrats fully control, and Virginia, where Democrats control the legislature but not the governorship.^[2]

Party switching

Four incumbent state legislators have switched political parties during 2025, two leaving the Democratic Party and two leaving the Republican Party. In March, Daniel Thatcher, a moderate Republican Utah Senator left the party and joined the Utah Forward Party.^[3] Florida Senate Democratic leader Jason Pizzo announced he was leaving the Democratic Party to become an Independent in April 2025, citing the party's recent decline in power the state.^[4] He later announced an Independent run for governor of Florida.^[5] In May, Robin L. Webb, the last remaining rural Democratic member of the Kentucky Senate, left the party and joined the Republican supermajority.^[6] In June, Maine state senator Rick Bennett left the Republican Party and became an Independent, while simultaneously announcing a bid for governor of the state.^[7]

State	Chamber	District	Legislator	Old party	New party	Source
Utah	Senate	11	Daniel Thatcher	Republican	Forward	[3]
Florida	Senate	37	Jason Pizzo	Democratic	Independent	[4]
Kentucky	Senate	18	Robin L. Webb	Democratic	Republican	[6]
Maine	Senate	18	Rick Bennett	Republican	Independent	[7]

Summary table

Regularly scheduled elections are to be held in two of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections are to be held for 180 of the 7,383 legislative seats. This table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections will take place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.

State	Lower house
	Seats up	Total	% up	Term
New Jersey	80	80	100	4
Virginia	100	100	100	2

State summaries

New Jersey

Main article: 2025 New Jersey General Assembly election

All of the seats of the New Jersey General Assembly are up for election in 2025. The New Jersey General Assembly has been controlled by the Democratic Party since 2002.

New Jersey General Assembly

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
	Democratic	Craig Coughlin	52
	Republican	John DiMaio	28
Total			80	80

Virginia

Main article: 2025 Virginia House of Delegates election

All of the seats of the Virginia House of Delegates are up for election in 2025. The Virginia House of Delegates has been controlled by the Democratic Party since 2024.

Virginia House of Delegates

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
	Democratic	Don Scott	51
	Republican	Terry Kilgore	49
Total			100	100

Special elections

Total net change in legislative seats due to special elections as of June 2025

+1 Dem seat

+1 Rep seat

There are currently ninety-six state legislative special elections scheduled for 2025.^[8] More than half of all states have procedures for special state legislative elections.^[9] As of July 2025, only three seats have flipped parties. Iowa's 35th Senate District and Pennsylvania's 36th Senate District went from Republican to Democrat.^[10][11] Mississippi's 82nd House District went from Democrat to Republican. Most Democratic special election candidates have outperformed Kamala Harris' 2024 performance in their respective districts, often by 10 percentage points or more, but almost all featured turnout less than half of that of the 2024 election.^[12] Democrats have additionally maintained their narrow control of the Minnesota Senate, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Virginia Senate, and Virginia House of Delegates, through special election victories, as well as reaffirming the tie in the Minnesota House of Representatives.^[13][14][15]

Alabama

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	5	Greg Reed	Republican	2010	Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to join Governor Kay Ivey's administration.[16] New member elected June 24, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Matt Woods (Republican) 86.0% ▌Ryan Cagle (Democratic) 13.8% ▌Write-in 0.2%[17]
House	11	Randall Shedd	Republican	2013 (special)	Incumbent resigned February 17, 2025, to become director of constituent affairs for Senate President Pro Tempore Garlan Gudger.[18] New member to be elected August 26, 2025.[19]	▌Heath Allbright (Republican)[20] ▌Alexandria Braswell (Democratic)[21]
House	12	Corey Harbison	Republican	2014	Incumbent resigned April 16, 2025, to focus on time with his family.[22] New member to be elected October 28, 2025.	▌Matthew Glover (Democratic)[23] ▌Cindy Myrex (Republican)[24]

California

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Assembly	32	Vince Fong	Republican	2016	Incumbent resigned May 24, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[c] New member elected February 25, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Stan Ellis (Republican) 64.6% ▌Chris Cruz-Boone (Democratic) 28.7% ▌Holli Willibey (Republican) 4.4% ▌William Brown (Libertarian) 2.3%[26]
Senate	36	Janet Nguyen	Republican	2022	Incumbent resigned November 30, 2024, to join the Orange County Board of Supervisors.[27] New member elected February 25, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Tony Strickland (Republican) 51.3% ▌Jimmy Pham (Democratic) 27.7% ▌Julie Diep (Democratic) 14.3% ▌John Briscoe (Republican) 6.7%[28]
Assembly	63	Bill Essayli	Republican	2022	Incumbent resigned April 1, 2025, to become U.S. attorney for the Central District of California.[29] New member to be elected August 26, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on June 24, 2025.	Primary: ▌Natasha Johnson (Republican) 46.2%[30] ▌Chris Shoults (Democratic) 44.1%[30] ▌Vincent Romo (Republican) 8.4% ▌Zachary T. Consalvo (Libertarian) 1.3% General: ▌Natasha Johnson (Republican)[30] ▌Chris Shoults (Democratic)[30]

Connecticut

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	40	Christine Conley	Democratic	2016	Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, after being nominated to the Workers' Compensation Commission.[31] New member elected February 25, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Dan Gaiewski (Democratic) 68.9% ▌Robert Boris (Republican) 31.1%[32]
Senate	21	Kevin C. Kelly	Republican	2010	Incumbent resigned January 8, 2025, after being nominated to the Connecticut Superior Court.[33] New member elected February 25, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Jason Perillo (Republican) 53.5% ▌Tony Afriyie (Democratic) 46.5%[34]
House	113	Jason Perillo	Republican	2007 (special)	Incumbent resigned February 28, 2025 to join the State Senate.[35] New member elected April 22, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Amy Romano (Republican) 52.5% ▌Michael Duncan (Democratic) 47.5%[36]

Delaware

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	1	Sarah McBride	Democratic	2020	Incumbent resigned January 2, 2025, to become a U.S. representative.[37] New member elected February 15, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Dan Cruce (Democratic) 77.1% ▌Steve Washington (Republican) 20.9% ▌Liv Figliola (Nonpartisan) 1.9% ▌Write-in 0.1%[38]
Senate	5	Kyle Evans Gay	Democratic	2020	Incumbent resigned January 21, 2025, to become Lieutenant Governor of Delaware.[37] New member elected February 15, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Ray Seigfried (Democratic) 65.1% ▌Brent Burdge (Republican) 34.7% ▌Write-in 0.2%[39]
House	20	Stell Parker Selby	Democratic	2022	Incumbent resigned June 24, 2025, due to long-term absence following a stroke.[40] New member elected August 5, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Alonna Berry (Democratic) 50.6% ▌Nikki Miller (Republican) 49.3% ▌Write-in 0.1%[41]

Florida

Main article: 2025 Florida state legislative special elections

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	3	Joel Rudman	Republican	2022	Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to run for U.S. House.[42] New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Nathan Boyles (Republican) 67.1% ▌Dondre Wise (Democratic) 32.9%[43]
House	32	Debbie Mayfield	Republican	2024	Incumbent resigned June 9, 2025, to run for State Senate.[44] New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Brian Hodgers (Republican) 55.3% ▌Juan Hinojosa (Democratic) 44.7%[45]
Senate	19	Randy Fine	Republican	2024	Incumbent resigned March 31, 2025, to run for U.S. House.[46] New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Debbie Mayfield (Republican) 54.4% ▌Vance Ahrens (Democratic) 45.6%[45]
House	40	LaVon Bracy Davis	Democratic	2022	Incumbent resigning September 1, 2025, to run for State Senate.[47] New member to be elected September 2, 2025.	▌Tuan Le (Republican)[48] ▌RaShon Young (Democratic)[49]
Senate	15	Geraldine Thompson	Democratic	2022	Incumbent died February 13, 2025, after complications from knee surgery.[50] New member to be elected September 2, 2025.	▌LaVon Bracy Davis (Democratic)[51] ▌Willie Montague (Republican)[47]
House	90	Joseph Casello	Democratic	2018	Incumbent died July 18, 2025, of a heart attack.[52] New member to be elected December 9, 2025.	▌Rob Long (Democratic)[53] ▌Bill Reicherter (Republican)[54] ▌Maria Zack (Republican)[54] ▌Karen Yeh (Independent)[54]
Senate	11	Blaise Ingoglia	Republican	2022	Incumbent resigned July 21, 2025, to become the Chief Financial Officer of Florida.[55] New member to be elected December 9, 2025.	▌Anthony Brice (Republican)[56] ▌Ralph Massullo (Republican)[57]
Senate	14	Jay Collins	Republican	2022	Incumbent resigned August 12, 2025, to become the Lieutenant Governor of Florida.[58] New member to be elected TBD.	▌Brian Nathan (Democratic)[59]

Georgia

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	21	Brandon Beach	Republican	2012	Incumbent resigned May 6, 2025, to become Treasurer of the United States.[60] New member to be elected August 26, 2025.[61]	▌Brice Futch (Republican)[62] ▌Jason Dickerson (Republican)[62] ▌Debra Shigley (Democratic)[63] ▌Steve West (Republican)[62]
House	106	Shelly Hutchinson	Democratic	2018	Incumbent resigning September 4, 2025, to take a caregiver role for an ailing family member.[64] New member to be elected TBD.	TBD

Iowa

Main article: 2025 Iowa elections

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	35	Chris Cournoyer	Republican	2018	Incumbent resigned December 16, 2024, to become Lieutenant Governor of Iowa.[65] New member elected January 28, 2025. Democratic gain.	▌Y Mike Zimmer (Democratic) 51.7% ▌Katie Whittington (Republican) 48.1% ▌Write-in 0.2%[66]
House	100	Martin Graber	Republican	2020	Incumbent died January 31, 2025.[67] New member elected March 11, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Blaine Watkins (Republican) 51.5% ▌Nannette Griffin (Democratic) 48.2% ▌Write-in 0.2%[68]
House	78	Sami Scheetz	Democratic	2022	Incumbent resigned April 1, 2025, to join the Linn County Board of Supervisors.[69] New member elected April 29, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Angel Ramirez (Democratic) 80.1% ▌Bernie Hayes (Republican) 19.9%[70]
Senate	1	Rocky De Witt	Republican	2022	Incumbent died June 25, 2025, of pancreatic cancer.[71] New member to be elected August 26, 2025.[72]	▌Catelin Drey (Democratic)[73] ▌Christopher Prosch (Republican)[74]

Louisiana

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	14	Cleo Fields	Democratic	2019	Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[75] New member elected February 15, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Larry Selders (Democratic) 62.4% ▌Carolyn Hill (Democratic) 20.4% ▌Quentin Anderson (Democratic) 17.3%[76]
Senate	23	Jean-Paul Coussan	Republican	2023	Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to join the Louisiana Public Service Commission.[77] New member elected February 15, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Brach Myers (Republican) 54.8% ▌Jesse Regan (Republican) 45.2%[76]
House	45	Brach Myers	Republican	2023	Incumbent resigned March 11, 2025, after being elected to the State Senate.[78] New member elected outright after the May 3, 2025, special election was cancelled. Republican hold.	▌Y Annie Spell (Republican)[79]
House	67	Larry Selders	Democratic	2019	Incumbent resigned March 11, 2025, after being elected to the State Senate.[80] New member elected May 3, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Terry Landry Jr. (Democratic) 51.8% ▌Malcolm Myer (Democratic) 42.2% ▌"Sonny" Marchbanks (Democratic) 6.0%[81]
Senate	3	Joseph Bouie	Democratic	2019	Incumbent resigning TBD to become chancellor of Southern University at New Orleans.[82] New member to be elected TBD.	TBD

Maine

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	24	Joe Perry	Democratic	2019 (special)	Incumbent resigned December 4, 2024, to become the Maine State Treasurer.[83] New member elected February 25, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Sean Faircloth (Democratic) 71.7% ▌Carolyn Fish (Republican) 28.3%[84]

Massachusetts

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	Essex 6	Jerry Parisella	Democratic	2010	Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to become a District Court judge.[85] New member elected May 13, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Hannah Bowen (Democratic) 73.4% ▌Medley Long III (Republican) 26.1% ▌Write-in 0.5%[86][87]
House	Bristol 3	Carol Doherty	Democratic	2020 (special)	Incumbent died February 15, 2025, of pancreatic cancer.[88] New member elected June 10, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Lisa Field (Democratic) 50.1% ▌Larry Quintal (Republican) 49.8% ▌Write-in 0.2%[89][90]

Michigan

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	35	Kristen McDonald Rivet	Democratic	2022	Incumbent resigned January 3, 2025, to become a U.S. representative.[91] New member to be elected TBD.	▌Brandell Adams (Democratic)[92] ▌Pamela Pugh (Democratic)[93] ▌Chadwick Twillman (Republican)[92]

Minnesota

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	60	Kari Dziedzic	DFL	2012 (special)	Incumbent died December 27, 2024, of ovarian cancer.[94] New member elected January 28, 2025. Democratic (DFL) hold.	▌Y Doron Clark (DFL) 90.9% ▌Abigail Wolters (Republican) 8.7% ▌Write-in 0.4%[95]
House	40B	Jamie Becker-Finn	DFL	2016	Incumbent's term expired January 14, 2025. Representative-elect Curtis Johnson was ruled ineligible to serve for violating Minnesota's residency requirement.[96] New member elected March 11, 2025.[d] Democratic (DFL) hold.	▌Y David Gottfried (DFL) 70.2% ▌Paul Wikstrom (Republican) 29.8% ▌Write-in 0.1%[98]
Senate	6	Justin Eichorn	Republican	2016	Incumbent resigned March 20, 2025, after being arrested for soliciting a minor for sex.[99] New member elected April 29, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Keri Heintzeman (Republican) 60.3% ▌Denise Slipy (DFL) 39.6% ▌Write-in 0.1%[100]
House	34B	Melissa Hortman	DFL	2004	Incumbent assassinated June 14, 2025.[101] New member to be elected September 16, 2025.[102]	▌Ruth Bittner (Republican)[103] ▌Xp Lee (DFL)[104]
Senate	29	Bruce Anderson	Republican	2012	Incumbent died July 21, 2025.[105] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[106]	▌Rachel Davis (Republican)[107] ▌Michael Holmstrom Jr. (Republican)[107] ▌Bradley Kurtz (Republican)[107] ▌Louis McNutt (DFL)[107]
Senate	47	Nicole Mitchell	DFL	2022	Incumbent resigned July 25, 2025, after being convicted of burglary.[108] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[106]	▌Ethan Cha (DFL)[107] ▌Dwight Dorau (Republican)[107] ▌Amanda Hemmingsen-Jaeger (DFL)[107]

Mississippi

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	23	Andy Stepp	Republican	2023	Incumbent died December 5, 2024.[109] New member elected April 22, 2025 after no one received over 50% of the vote on March 25, 2025. Republican hold.	First round: ▌Y Perry Van Bailey (Nonpartisan) 40.8% ▌Y Colby Bollinger (Nonpartisan) 32.2% ▌Travis Wright (Nonpartisan) 20.0% ▌Andy Clark (Nonpartisan) 6.0% ▌Danny Lampley (Nonpartisan) 1.0%[110] Runoff: ▌Y Perry Van Bailey (Nonpartisan) 50.6% ▌Colby Bollinger (Nonpartisan) 49.4%[111]
House	82	Charles Young Jr.	Democratic	2011	Incumbent died December 19, 2024.[112] New member elected April 22, 2025 after no one received over 50% of the vote on March 25, 2025. Republican gain.	First round: ▌Y Gregory Elliott (Nonpartisan) 40.3% ▌Y Joe Norwood (Nonpartisan) 30.0% ▌Joseph Denson (Nonpartisan) 29.7%[110] Runoff: ▌Y Gregory Elliott (Nonpartisan) 65.5% ▌Joe Norwood (Nonpartisan) 34.5%[111]
Senate	18	Jenifer Branning	Republican	2015	Incumbent resigned January 6, 2025, to join the Mississippi Supreme Court.[113] New member elected April 15, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Lane Taylor (Nonpartisan) 56.9% ▌Mark Forsman (Nonpartisan) 26.1% ▌Lindsey Kidd (Nonpartisan) 10.9% ▌Ike Melton (Nonpartisan) 3.9% ▌Marty Sistrunk (Nonpartisan) 2.1%[114]
House	26	Orlando Paden	Democratic	2015	Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025, after being elected mayor of Clarksdale.[115] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.	TBD
Senate	24	David Lee Jordan	Democratic	1993	Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025, to spend time with his family.[116] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.	TBD
Senate	26	John Horhn	Democratic	1992	Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025, after being elected mayor of Jackson.[117] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.	TBD

Redistricting elections

Main articles: 2025 Mississippi State Senate special election and 2025 Mississippi House of Representatives special election

Ten special elections for the Mississippi Senate and five for the Mississippi House of Representatives will be held on November 4, 2025. These special elections were called as a result of redistricting mandated by a federal court designed to increase the number of majority-Black districts in both chambers to comply with the Voting Rights Act.^[118][119]

Mississippi State Senate

Party		Before	Up	Won	After	Change
	Republican	36	8
	Democratic	16	2
Total		52	10	10	52

Mississippi House of Representatives

Party		Before	Up	Won	After	Change
	Republican	77	2
	Democratic	42	3
	Independent	2	0
Total		122	5	5	122

Missouri

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	95	Michael O'Donnell	Republican	2018	Incumbent resigned January 15, 2025, to become Missouri Commissioner of Securities.[120] New member to be elected TBD.	TBD
House	160	Ben Baker	Republican	2018	Incumbent resigned May 4, 2025, to become Missouri director for USDA Rural Development.[121] New member to be elected TBD.	TBD

New Hampshire

Main article: 2025–2026 New Hampshire state legislative special elections

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	Strafford 12	Dawn Evans	Democratic	2024	Representative-elect resigned December 2, 2024, after moving out of her district.[122] New member elected June 24, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Billie Butler (Democratic) 55.5% ▌Ken Hilton (Republican) 44.5%[123]
House	Coos 5	Brian Valerino	Republican	2024	Incumbent resigned June 19, 2025, after being appointed warden of the Northern New Hampshire Correctional Facility.[124] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[125][e]	TBD
House	Hillsborough 24	Donald Bouchard	Democratic	2022	Incumbent resigned July 19, 2025.[124] New member to be elected TBD.	TBD

New Jersey

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	35	Nellie Pou	Democratic	2011	Incumbent resigned January 3, 2025, to become a U.S. representative.[126] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[f]	▌Frank Filippelli (Republican)[128] ▌Benjie Wimberly (Democratic)[129]

New York

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	22	Simcha Felder	Democratic	2012	Incumbent resigned April 9, 2025, to join the New York City Council.[130] New member elected May 20, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Sam Sutton (Democratic) 66.8% ▌▌Nachman Caller (Republican) 32.1% ▌Write-in 1.1%[131]
Assembly	115	Billy Jones	Democratic	2016	Incumbent resigning TBD for personal reasons.[132] New member to be elected TBD.	▌Michael Cashman (Democratic) ▌Andrea Dumas (Republican)[133]

Oklahoma

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	8	Roger Thompson	Republican	2014	Incumbent resigned November 1, 2024.[134] New member elected May 13, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Bryan Logan (Republican) 61.6% ▌Nathan Brewer (Democratic) 29.7% ▌Steve Sanford (Independent) 8.7%[135]
House	71	Amanda Swope	Democratic	2022	Incumbent resigned January 28, 2025, to become director of the Tulsa Office of Tribal Policy and Partnerships.[136] New member elected June 10, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Amanda Clinton (Democratic) 84.7% ▌Beverly Atteberry (Republican) 15.3%[137]
House	74	Mark Vancuren	Republican	2018	Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to become a Deputy Tulsa County Commissioner.[138] New member elected June 10, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Kevin Wayne Norwood (Republican) 64.6% ▌Amy Hossain (Democratic) 35.4%[139]
House	97	Jason Lowe	Democratic	2016	Incumbent resigned April 7, 2025, to become an Oklahoma County commissioner.[140] New member elected June 10, 2025, after the general election was cancelled. Democratic hold.	▌Y Aletia Timmons (Democratic)[141]

Pennsylvania

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	35	Matthew Gergely	Democratic	2023 (special)	Incumbent died January 19, 2025, after suffering a medical emergency.[142] New member elected March 25, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Dan Goughnour (Democratic) 63.4% ▌Charles Davis (Republican) 35.0% ▌Adam Kitta (Libertarian) 1.6%[143]
Senate	36	Ryan Aument	Republican	2014	Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to become state director for U.S. Senator Dave McCormick.[144] New member elected March 25, 2025. Democratic gain.	▌Y James Malone (Democratic) 50.0% ▌Josh Parsons (Republican) 49.1% ▌Zachary Moore (Libertarian) 0.9%[145]

Rhode Island

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Senator	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	4	Dominick J. Ruggerio	Democratic	1984	Incumbent died April 21, 2025, of cancer.[146] New member elected August 5, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Stefano Famiglietti (Democratic) 83.0% ▌Alex Asermely (Republican) 16.2% ▌Write-in 0.8%[147]

South Carolina

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	113	Marvin R. Pendarvis	Democratic	2017 (special)	Incumbent resigned September 16, 2024, after having his law license suspended.[148] New member elected March 25, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Courtney Waters (Democratic) 98.0% ▌Write-in 2.0%[149]
House	50	Will Wheeler	Democratic	2017 (special)	Incumbent resigned January 17, 2025, to run for the South Carolina Circuit Court.[150] New member elected June 3, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Keishan Scott (Democratic) 70.6% ▌Bill Oden (Republican) 29.3% ▌Write-in 0.1%[151]
House	21	Bobby Cox	Republican	2018	Incumbent resigning January 5, 2026, to run for state senate.[152] New member to be elected December 23, 2025.[153]	TBD
House	88	RJ May	Republican	2020	Incumbent resigned August 11, 2025, after being indicted for possessing and distributing child sexual abusive material. New member to be elected December 23, 2025.[154]	▌Brian Duncan (Republican)[154]
Senate	12	Roger Nutt	Republican	2024	Incumbent resigning January 5, 2026, after being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.[152] New member to be elected December 23, 2025.[153]	▌Bobby Cox (Republican)[153]

Texas

Main article: 2025 Texas state legislative special elections

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	9	Kelly Hancock	Republican	2012	Incumbent resigned June 19, 2025, to become chief clerk of the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts office.[155] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[156]	▌Taylor Rehmet (Democratic)[156] ▌Leigh Wambsganss (Republican)[156]

Virginia

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	26	Kannan Srinivasan	Democratic	2023	Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, to run for State Senate.[157] New member elected January 7, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y JJ Singh (Democratic) 62.3% ▌Ram Venkatachalam (Republican) 37.5%[158]
Senate	10	John McGuire	Republican	2023	Incumbent resigned December 11, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[159] New member elected January 7, 2025. Republican hold.	▌Y Luther Cifers (Republican) 57.8% ▌Jack Trammell (Democratic) 42.1%[158]
Senate	32	Suhas Subramanyam	Democratic	2023	Incumbent resigned November 11, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[160] New member elected January 7, 2025. Democratic hold.	▌Y Kannan Srinivasan (Democratic) 61.7% ▌Tumay Harding (Republican) 38.1%[158]
House	33	Todd Gilbert	Republican	2005	Incumbent resigned July 14, 2025, after being appointed as interim U.S. attorney for the Western District of Virginia.[161] New member to be elected TBD.	TBD

Washington

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	33 Position 1	Tina Orwall	Democratic	2008	Incumbent resigned December 10, 2024, after being appointed to the State Senate.[162] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[g] Democratic hold.	▌Edwin Obras (Democratic) ▌Kevin Schilling (Democratic)[163]
House	34 Position 1	Emily Alvarado	Democratic	2022	Incumbent resigned January 21, 2025, after being appointed to the State Senate.[164] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[h] Democratic hold.	▌Brianna Thomas (Democratic)[165]
House	41 Position 1	Tana Senn	Democratic	2013 (appointed)	Incumbent resigned January 15, 2025, to lead the Washington Department of Children, Youth, and Families.[166] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[i]	▌John Whitney (Republican)[165] ▌Janice Zahn (Democratic)[165]
House	48 Position 1	Vandana Slatter	Democratic	2017 (appointed)	Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, after being appointed to the State Senate.[168] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[j]	▌Dennis Ellis (Republican)[165] ▌Osman Salahuddin (Democratic)[165]
Senate	5	Bill Ramos	Democratic	2024	Incumbent died April 19, 2025.[169] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[k]	▌Victoria Hunt (Democratic)[165] ▌Chad Magendanz (Republican)[165]
Senate	26	Emily Randall	Democratic	2018	Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[171] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[l]	▌Michelle Caldier (Republican)[165] ▌Deborah Krishnadasan (Democratic)[165]
Senate	33	Karen Keiser	Democratic	2001 (appointed)	Incumbent resigned December 10, 2024.[171] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[m] Democratic hold.	▌Tina Orwall (Democratic)[165]
Senate	34	Joe Nguyen	Democratic	2018	Incumbent resigned January 15, 2025, to lead the Washington State Department of Commerce.[173] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[n] Democratic hold.	▌Emily Alvarado (Democratic)[165]
Senate	48	Patty Kuderer	Democratic	2017 (appointed)	Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, after being elected as Washington State Insurance Commissioner.[171] New member to be elected November 4, 2025.[o] Democratic hold.	▌Vandana Slatter (Democratic)[165] ▌Amy Walen (Democratic)[165]

Notes

1. The Minnesota House of Representatives became tied after the election, so it is not counted towards either total.
2. A coalition of 14 Democrats, 5 Independents, and 2 Republicans controls the Alaska House of Representatives. A coalition of 9 Democrats and 5 Republicans controls the Alaska Senate.^[1]
3. In the 2024 election, Fong filed to run for re-election to his Assembly seat and also filed to run for U.S. House. He resigned his Assembly seat on May 24 after winning a special election for the U.S. House seat three days earlier. Fong attempted to withdraw from the State Assembly race, but per California law, his name could not be removed from the ballot. Despite unofficially dropping out of the race, Fong was re-elected to his State Assembly seat in the November 2024 general election, necessitating a special election.^[25]
4. Governor Tim Walz previously scheduled the special election for January 28. However, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that it was called prematurely, prompting its rescheduling.^[97]
5. September 16, 2025 if only one candidate files from each party.
6. Benjie Wimberly was appointed as interim senator by members of the Bergen County and Passaic County Democratic Committees on January 16, 2025.^[127]
7. Edwin Obras was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on December 11, 2024.^[162]
8. Brianna Thomas was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on January 21, 2025.^[164]
9. Janice Zahn was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on January 21, 2025.^[167]
10. Osman Salahuddin was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on January 7, 2025.^[168]
11. Victoria Hunt was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on June 3, 2025.^[170]
12. Deborah Krishnadasan was appointed as interim senator by the Kitsap County Board of County Commissioners and Pierce County Council on December 11, 2024.^[172]
13. Tina Orwall was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on December 11, 2024.^[162]
14. Emily Alvarado was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on January 21, 2025.^[164]
15. Vandana Slatter was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on January 7, 2025.^[168]