ACACB

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 also known as ACC-beta or ACC2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACACB gene.^[5][6]

ACACB
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2DN8, 2HJW, 2KCC, 3FF6, 3GID, 3GLK, 3JRW, 3JRX, 3TDC, 4HQ6, 5KKN
Identifiers
Aliases	ACACB, ACC2, ACCB, HACC275, acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta, ACC-beta, ACCbeta, ACACbeta
External IDs	OMIM: 601557; MGI: 2140940; HomoloGene: 74382; GeneCards: ACACB; OMA:ACACB - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q24.11 Start 109,116,587 bp[1] End 109,268,226 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5|5 F Start 114,284,596 bp[2] End 114,388,822 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in tendon of biceps brachii adipose tissue subcutaneous adipose tissue gastric mucosa renal medulla abdominal fat pericardium gastrocnemius muscle muscle of thigh apex of heart Top expressed in brown adipose tissue muscle of thigh tunica adventitia of aorta interventricular septum right ventricle myocardium of ventricle intercostal muscle skeletal muscle tissue gastrocnemius muscle extraocular muscle More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding metal ion binding biotin carboxylase activity ligase activity protein binding catalytic activity ATP binding biotin binding identical protein binding acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity Cellular component cytosol membrane mitochondrial outer membrane mitochondrion endomembrane system nucleus Biological process carnitine shuttle malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process negative regulation of catalytic activity lipid metabolism negative regulation of fatty acid oxidation positive regulation of lipid storage negative regulation of gene expression fatty acid metabolic process positive regulation of heart growth negative regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation regulation of glucose metabolic process fatty acid biosynthetic process response to nutrient levels energy homeostasis metabolism positive regulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of lipid catabolic process protein homotetramerization acetyl-CoA metabolic process response to organic cyclic compound regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 32 100705 Ensembl ENSG00000076555 ENSMUSG00000042010 UniProt O00763 E9Q4Z2 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001093 NM_133904 RefSeq (protein) NP_001084 NP_598665 NP_001390456 NP_001390457 NP_001390458 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 109.12 – 109.27 Mb Chr 5: 114.28 – 114.39 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. ACC-beta is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid uptake and oxidation by mitochondria. ACC-beta may be involved in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, rather than fatty acid biosynthesis.^[5]

Clinical implications

Human acetyl-CoA carboxylase has recently become a target in the design of new anti-obesity drugs.^[7] However, when the gene for ACC2 was knocked out in mice, no change in body weight was observed relative to normal mice.^[8] This result suggests inhibition of ACC2 by drugs may be an ineffective method of treating obesity.