1645 - Wikiwand

1645 (MDCXLV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1645th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 645th year of the 2nd millennium, the 45th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1640s decade. As of the start of 1645, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Quick facts

1645 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1645 MDCXLV
Ab urbe condita	2398
Armenian calendar	1094 ԹՎ ՌՂԴ
Assyrian calendar	6395
Balinese saka calendar	1566–1567
Bengali calendar	1051–1052
Berber calendar	2595
English Regnal year	20 Cha. 1 – 21 Cha. 1
Buddhist calendar	2189
Burmese calendar	1007
Byzantine calendar	7153–7154
Chinese calendar	甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 4342 or 4135 — to — 乙酉年 (Wood Rooster) 4343 or 4136
Coptic calendar	1361–1362
Discordian calendar	2811
Ethiopian calendar	1637–1638
Hebrew calendar	5405–5406
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1701–1702
- Shaka Samvat	1566–1567
- Kali Yuga	4745–4746
Holocene calendar	11645
Igbo calendar	645–646
Iranian calendar	1023–1024
Islamic calendar	1054–1055
Japanese calendar	Shōhō 2 (正保２年)
Javanese calendar	1566–1567
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3978
Minguo calendar	267 before ROC 民前267年
Nanakshahi calendar	177
Thai solar calendar	2187–2188
Tibetan calendar	ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Wood-Monkey) 1771 or 1390 or 618 — to — ཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ (female Wood-Bird) 1772 or 1391 or 619

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Events

January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the Directory for Public Worship in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not to be observed.
January 10 – Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud is executed for treason on Tower Hill, London.^[1]
January 14 – English Civil War: Thomas Fairfax is appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Parliamentarians.
January 29 – English Civil War: Armistice talks open at Uxbridge.
February 2 – Battle of Inverlochy: The Scottish Covenanters are defeated by Montrose.^[2]
February 15 – English Civil War: The New Model Army is officially founded.
February 28 – English Civil War: The Uxbridge armistice talks fail.
March 4 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert leaves Oxford for Bristol.
March 5 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Jankau: The armies of Sweden decisively defeat the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, in one of the bloodiest battles of the war, in southern Bohemia, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Prague.
March 31 – Fearing the spread of the Black Death (plague), Edinburgh Town Council prohibits all gatherings except weddings and funerals.

April 3 – The House of Lords passes the Self-denying Ordinance, requiring members of the Parliament of England to resign commissions in the armed services.
April 10 – Because of the plague, the Edinburgh town council orders that the college graduation ceremony should be moved forward, so that students can leave the city (on November 19, teaching resumes in Linlithgow).
April 23 (St George's Day) – English Civil War: One hundred and fifty Irish soldiers bound for service with King Charles I of England are captured at sea by Parliamentarians and killed at Pembroke in Wales.
May 2 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Herbsthausen (or Mergentheim): The Bavarian army, led by Franz von Mercy, catches French forces led by Marshal Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne unawares, and heavily defeats them.
May 9 – Battle of Auldearn: Scottish Covenanters are defeated by Montrose.^[3]
June 1 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert's army sacks Leicester.
June 10 – English Civil War: Oliver Cromwell is confirmed as the Lieutenant-General of the Cavalry.
June 14 – English Civil War – Battle of Naseby: 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.^[4]
June 28 – English Civil War: The Royalists lose Carlisle.

July 2 – English Civil War: Battle of Alford – Alford, Aberdeenshire.
July 10 – English Civil War: Battle of Langport – Cromwell wins in Somerset.^[4]
July 21 – Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues a queue order ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead, and braid the rest of their hair into a queue, identical to those of the Manchus.
July 23 – Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of Russia comes to the throne.
July 30 – English Civil War: Scottish Covenanters under Lord Leven begin the Siege of Hereford, a Royalist stronghold.
August 23 (August 13 Old Style) – The Treaty of Brömsebro is signed between Sweden and Denmark–Norway, ending the Torstenson War and ceding Jemtland, Herjedalen, Gotland and Ösel (Saaremaa) to Sweden, which also holds the province of Halland for a period of 30 years, as a guarantee.
September 1 – English Civil War: Scottish Covenanters abandon the Siege of Hereford and retreat northwards
September 10 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol.
September 13 – Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Battle of Philiphaugh – The Covenanters under Sir David Leslie defeat the Royalists under Montrose near Selkirk in the Scottish Borders, restoring the power of the Committee of Estates. After the battle, prisoners and 300 camp followers (many of them women and children) are slaughtered by Covenanters in cold blood.^[4]
September 24 – English Civil War: Battle of Rowton Heath – Parliamentarians defeat the Royalist cavalry.

October 8–14 – English Civil War: The Third siege of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell results in its destruction.
October 8 – Jeanne Mance founds the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, the first hospital in North America.
October 11 – English Civil War: Re-fortification of Bourne Castle in Lincolnshire against a threatened Royalist attack begins.
November 20 – The Colegio de Santo Tomas is elevated by Pope Innocent X into the University of Santo Tomas, in his brief In Supreminenti. It has the oldest extant University Charter in the Philippines, as well as the whole of Asia.
December 18 – English Civil War: The Royalist stronghold of Hereford is seized in a swift attack by Parliamentary forces under John Birch.

Bamana forces from Ségou invade the Mali heartland, destroying the Mali Empire after its 400 years as a unified state.
The Stolberg-Wernigerode branch of the family of the counts of Stolberg and Wernigerode is founded in Germany.
The Solar cycle enters the 70-year Maunder Minimum, during which sunspots will be rare.^[5]
Wallpaper begins to replace tapestries, as a wall decoration.
The Roxbury Latin School is founded.