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1909
Calendar year From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1909th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 909th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1909, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
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From top to bottom, left to right: American explorer Robert Peary claims to reach the North Pole, sparking debate over who arrived first; the Adana massacre in the Ottoman Empire kills thousands of Armenians; the Cherry Mine disaster in Illinois claims 259 miners, one of the deadliest U.S. coal accidents; the New York shirtwaist strike of 1909 sees mainly immigrant women demand better wages and working conditions in the largest U.S. women’s strike; the Second Melillan campaign involves Spain fighting Rif tribes in northern Morocco; and the 31 March Incident in the Ottoman Empire is suppressed, strengthening Young Turk control.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1909.
British supercentenarian Ethel Caterham is the last surviving person who was born in 1909.
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Events
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January–February
|January 1909|February 1909}}
- January 4 – Explorer Aeneas Mackintosh of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition escapes death by fleeing across ice floes.[1]
- January 7 – Colombia recognizes the independence of Panama.
- January 9 – The British Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, led by Ernest Shackleton, arrives at the farthest south reached by any prior expedition, at 88°23' S, prior to turning back due to diminishing supplies.[2]
- January 11 – The International Joint Commission on US-Canada boundary waters is established.[3]
- January 16 – Members of the Nimrod Expedition claim to have found the magnetic South Pole[4] (but the location recorded may be incorrect).
- January 24 – The White Star Liner RMS Republic sinks the day after a collision with SS Florida off Nantucket. Almost all of the 1,500 passengers are rescued.
- January 28 – The last United States troops leave Cuba, after being there since the Spanish–American War of 1898.
- February 2 – The Paris Film Congress opens. It is an attempt to create a cartel of leading European producers similar to the MPPC in the United States.
- February 5 – Leo Baekeland announces the creation of bakelite hard thermosetting plastic.
March–April
|March 1909|April 1909}}
- March 10 – The Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 is signed in Bangkok.
- March 18 – Einar Dessau uses a shortwave radio transmitter in Denmark.[5]
- March 21 – The remains of the Báb are placed in the Baháʼí Shrine of the Báb on Mount Carmel in Haifa, at this time within the Ottoman Empire.
- March 31 – Serbia accepts Austrian control over Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- March 31 – Construction begins on the RMS Titanic, at the Harland and Wolff Shipyard in Belfast.
- April 4 – The association football team Sport Club Internacional is founded in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- April 6 – Robert Peary, Matthew Henson and four Inuit explorers – Ootah, Ooqueah, Seegloo and Egigingwah – come within a few miles of the North Pole.[6]
- April 9 – The Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act is passed in the United States Congress.
- April 11 – The city of Tel Aviv (known in its first year as Ahuzat Bayit) is founded by the Jewish community, on the outskirts of Jaffa (at this time in the Ottoman Empire).
- April 13 (March 31 by Eastern reckoning) – A countercoup begins in the Ottoman Empire.
- April 14 – Adana massacre: Ottoman Turks kill 15,000–30,000 Armenian Christians, in the Adana Vilayet.
- April 18 – Joan of Arc is beatified in Rome.
- April 19 – The Anglo-Persian Oil Company (modern-day BP) is incorporated.
- April 23 – In Portugal, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake strikes near Lisbon, killing at least 60 people.[7]
- April 27 – Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Abdul Hamid II is overthrown and succeeded by his brother, Mehmed V. He is sent to the Ottoman Greek port city of Thessaloniki (Selanik) the next day.
May–June
|May 1909|June 1909}}
- May 19 – Russian ballet is brought to the Western world when the Ballets Russes opens a tour produced by Sergei Diaghilev at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, with 55 dancers, including Vaslav Nijinsky.[8]
- June 2 – French forces capture Abéché, capital of the Wadai Empire in central Africa.
- June 15 – Representatives from England, Australia and South Africa meet at Lord's Cricket Ground in London and form the Imperial Cricket Conference.
July–August
|July 1909|August 1909}}
- July 1 – In London, Indian nationalist student Madan Lal Dhingra assassinates Curzon Wyllie, political aide to the Secretary of State for India. This is a notable early escalation of violence in the Indian nationalist movement overseas.
- July 16 – A revolution forces Mohammad Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty to abdicate in favor of his son Ahmad Shah Qajar. He proceeds to leave Persia for the Russian Empire, reportedly seeking the assistance of Nicholas II of Russia in regaining the throne.
- July 25 – Louis Blériot is the first man to fly across the English Channel (thus a large open body of water) in a heavier-than-air craft.
- July 25–August 2 – "Tragic Week" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.
- July 26 – Blue Anchor Line passenger/cargo liner SS Waratah, on her second voyage from Australia to Britain, leaves Durban and is lost without trace with all 211 aboard.
- August 2 – The United States Army Signal Corp Division purchases the world's first military airplane, a Wright Military Flyer, from the Wright brothers.
- August 8 – Max Heindel formally founds the Rosicrucian Fellowship in Seattle, Washington.
September–October
|September 1909|October 1909}}
- September 4 – Japan and China sign the Gando Convention, which gives Japan a way to receive railroad concessions in Manchuria.
- October – Suzuki Weaving Machine Manufacturing, predecessor of the Suzuki motorbike and compact car brand in Japan, is founded in Shizuoka Prefecture.[9]
- October 8 – An earthquake in the Zagreb area leads Andrija Mohorovičić to identify the Mohorovičić discontinuity.
- October 12 – The association football team Coritiba is founded in Curitiba, Brazil.
- October 13 – An agreement by Germany, Italy and Switzerland gives the Germans and Italians access to the Gotthard Rail Tunnel.
- October 16 – The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Detroit Tigers to win the 1909 World Series.
- October 26 – Itō Hirobumi, four time Prime Minister of Japan (the 1st, 5th, 7th and 10th) and Resident-General of Korea, is assassinated by An Jung-geun, an activist of the Korean independence movement, at the Harbin railway station in Manchuria.
November–December
|November 1909|December 1909}}
- November 18 – In Nicaragua, 500 revolutionaries (including 2 Americans) are executed by order of dictator José Santos Zelaya. The United States responds by sending 2 warships.
- November 28 – Sergei Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 is premièred in New York City with the composer as soloist.
- December 4 – Montreal Canadiens, a well known professional ice hockey club in Canada, is founded.[10]
- December 14 – New South Wales Premier Charles Wade signs the Seat of Government Surrender Act 1909, formally completing the transfer of State land to the Commonwealth, to create the Australian Capital Territory.
- December 19 – The association football team Borussia Dortmund is founded in Dortmund, Germany.
- December 23 – King Albert I of Belgium succeeds his uncle, Leopold II (died December 17), on the throne.[11]
- December 28 – The first manned heavier-than-air powered flight in South Africa is made at East London, by French aviator Albert Kimmerling, in a Voisin 1907 biplane.[12]
Undated
- Karl Landsteiner, Constantin Levaditi and Erwin Popper first isolate the poliovirus.
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Births and deaths
|Category:1909 births|Deaths in 1909}}
Nobel Prizes
References
Primary sources and year books
Further reading
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