ATG12

Autophagy related 12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATG12 gene.^[5][6]

ATG12
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4GDK, 4GDL, 4NAW
Identifiers
Aliases	ATG12, APG12, APG12L, FBR93, HAPG12, autophagy related 12
External IDs	OMIM: 609608; MGI: 1914776; HomoloGene: 37953; GeneCards: ATG12; OMA:ATG12 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human)[1] Band 5q22.3 Start 115,828,200 bp[1] End 115,841,837 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 18 (mouse)[2] Band 18|18 C Start 46,863,211 bp[2] End 46,874,647 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Achilles tendon pericardium pars reticulata Pons lateral nuclear group of thalamus corpus callosum pars compacta external globus pallidus subthalamic nucleus visceral pleura Top expressed in blood cumulus cell trigeminal ganglion primary oocyte lumbar spinal ganglion perirhinal cortex entorhinal cortex retinal pigment epithelium choroid plexus spermatocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding Atg8 ligase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol phagophore assembly site membrane phagocytic vesicle membrane Atg12-Atg5-Atg16 complex membrane autophagosome protein-containing complex Biological process autophagy autophagy of nucleus C-terminal protein lipidation autophagy of mitochondrion macroautophagy autophagosome assembly Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9140 67526 Ensembl ENSG00000145782 ENSMUSG00000032905 UniProt O94817 Q9CQY1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001277783 NM_004707 NM_026217 RefSeq (protein) NP_001264712 NP_004698 NP_080493 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 115.83 – 115.84 Mb Chr 18: 46.86 – 46.87 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Autophagy is a process of bulk protein degradation in which cytoplasmic components, including organelles, are enclosed in double-membrane structures called autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes or vacuoles for degradation. ATG12 is the human homolog of a yeast protein involved in autophagy (Mizushima et al., 1998).[supplied by OMIM]^[6]

Autophagy requires the covalent attachment of the protein Atg12 to ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like conjugation system. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate then promotes the conjugation of ATG8 to the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine.^[7]

Atg12 was found to be involved in apoptosis. This protein promotes apoptosis through an interaction with anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family.^[8]