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Academy Award for Best Original Score

Motion picture award for music From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Academy Award for Best Original Score
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The Academy Award for Best Original Score is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to the best substantial body of music in the form of dramatic underscoring written specifically for the film by the submitting composer.[1] Some pre-existing music is allowed, though, but a contending film must include a minimum of original music. This minimum since 2021 is established as 35% of the music, which is raised to 80% for sequels and franchise films.[2] Fifteen scores are shortlisted before nominations are announced.

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History

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The Academy began awarding movies for their scores in 1935. The category was originally called Best Scoring. At the time, winners and nominees were a mix of original scores and adaptations of pre-existing material. Following the controversial win of Charles Previn for One Hundred Men and a Girl in 1938, a film without a credited composer that featured pre-existing classical music, the Academy added a Best Original Score category in 1939.[3] In 1942, the distinction between the two Scoring categories changed slightly as they were renamed to Best Music Score of a Dramatic Picture and Best Scoring of a Musical Picture.[4] This marked the first time the category was split into separate genres. From 1942 to 1985, musical scores had their own category, with the exception of 1958, 1981, and 1982. During that time, both categories had many name changes:

Following the wins of four Walt Disney Feature Animation films in six years from 1990 to 1995 (The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and The Lion King) during a period called the Disney Renaissance, it was decided to once again split the Best Original Score category by genres, this time by combining comedies and musicals together. As Alan Bergman, the chairman of the Academy's music branch said, "People were voting for the songs, not the underscores. We felt that Academy members outside the music branch didn't distinguish between the two. So when a score like The Lion King is competing against a drama like Forrest Gump, it's apples and oranges – not in the quality of the score, but in the way it functions in the movie. There's a big difference."[5] The category was therefore split into Best Original Dramatic Score and Best Original Musical or Comedy Score in 1996. This change proved unpopular in the other branches of the Academy as Charles Bernstein, chairman of the Academy's rules committee, noted that "no other Oscar category depended on a film's genre" and "the job of composing an underscore for a romantic comedy is not substantially different from working on a heavy drama."[5] This split was reverted in 2000.

In 2020, rules were changed to require that a film's score include a minimum of 60% original music. Franchise films and sequels must include a minimum of 80% new music.[6] In 2021, the rules were changed again, lowering the minimum percentage of original music from 60% to 35% of the total music in the film.[7]

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Academy Award for Best Original Musical

The Academy Award for Best Original Musical is a category that was re-established in 2000 after the Best Original Musical or Comedy Score category was retired. It has never been awarded in its present form due to a prolonged drought of films meeting the sufficient eligibility requirements. The Music Branch Executive Committee of the Academy decides whether there are enough quality submissions to justify its activation.[8]

According to the rules, the Best Original Musical is defined as follows:

An original musical consists of not fewer than five original songs by the same writer or team of writers, either used as voiceovers or visually performed. Each of these songs must be substantively rendered, clearly audible, intelligible, and must further the storyline of the motion picture. An arbitrary group of songs unessential to the storyline will not be considered eligible.[8]

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Winners and nominees

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The following is the list of nominated composers organized by year, and listing both films and composers. The years shown in the following list of winners are the production years, thus a reference to 1967 means the Oscars presented in 1968 for films released in 1967.

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Louis Silvers was the inaugural winner of this category, winning for One Night of Love (1934).
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Charles Previn won for One Hundred Men and a Girl (1937), the first and only win for a Department head and not the composer.
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Erich Wolfgang Korngold won for The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938).
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Alfred Newman has won the most awards in this category with 9 wins among 45 nominations. He won for Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938), Tin Pan Alley (1940), The Song of Bernadette (1940), Mother Wore Tights (1947), With a Song in My Heart (1952), Call Me Madam (1953), The King and I (1956), and Camelot (1967).
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Richard Hageman won alongside W. Franke Harling, John Leipold and Leo Shuken for Stagecoach (1939).
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Bernard Herrmann won once out of five nominations for The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941).
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Oliver Wallace won alongside Frank Churchill for Dumbo (1941).
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Morris Stoloff won this award twice, his first win alongside Carmen Dragon for Cover Girl (1944), and his second alongside Harry Sukman for Song Without End (1960).
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Carmen Dragon won alongside Morris Stoloff for Cover Girl (1944).
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Miklós Rózsa was nominated 16 times winning thrice for Spellbound (1945), A Double Life (1947), and Ben-Hur (1959).
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Aaron Copland won for the The Heiress (1949.)
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Johnny Green won for four times in this category: Easter Parade (1948) with Roger Edens, An American in Paris (1951) with Saul Chaplin, West Side Story (1961) alongside Saul Chaplin, Irwin Kostal and Sid Ramin, and Oliver! (1968).
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Dimitri Tiomkin won four times amongst 22 nominations, winning for High Noon (1952), The High and the Mighty (1954), and The Old Man and the Sea (1958).
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André Previn won four times amongst 11 nominations, winning for Gigi (1958), Porgy and Bess (1959), Irma la Douce (1963), and My Fair Lady (1964).
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Henry Mancini won twice for Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961) and Victor/Victoria (1982).
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Elmer Bernstein was nominated 10 times, winning only once for Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967).
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Burt Bacharach won for Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969).
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The Beatles won for Let It Be (1970).
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Charlie Chaplin won for Limelight (1971).
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Ralph Burns won for Cabaret (1972).
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Marvin Hamlisch won twice in the same year for The Way We Were and The Sting both in 1973.
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Nelson Riddle won for The Great Gatsby (1974).
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Nino Rota won for The Godfather Part II (1974).
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John Williams has been nominated a record 49 times, winning five times for Fiddler on the Roof (1971), Jaws (1975), Star Wars (1977), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) and Schindler's List (1993).
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Prince won for Purple Rain (1985).
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Herbie Hancock won for Round Midnight (1986).
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David Byrne won for The Last Emperor (1987).
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Ryuichi Sakamoto won for The Last Emperor (1987).
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Dave Grusin won for The Milagro Beanfield War (1988).
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Alan Menken won four times for The Little Mermaid (1998), Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), and Pocahontas (1995).
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Hans Zimmer won twice for The Lion King (1994) and Dune (2021).
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Stephen Schwartz won for Pocahontas (1995).
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James Horner won for Titanic (1997).
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Anne Dudley won for The Full Monty (1997).
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Nicola Piovani won for Life is Beautiful (1998).
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Tan Dun won for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000).
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Howard Shore won twice for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003).
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Elliot Goldenthal won for Frida (2002).
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Jan A.P. Kaczmarek won for Finding Neverland (2004).
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Gustavo Santaolalla won twice consecutively for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and Babel (2006).
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A. R. Rahman won for Slumdog Millionaire (2008).
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Michael Giacchino won for Up (2009).
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Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross won twice for The Social Network (2010) and Soul (2020).
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Ludovic Bource won for The Artist (2011).
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Mychael Danna won for Life of Pi (2012).
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Steven Price won for Gravity (2013).
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Ennio Morricone won for The Hateful Eight (2015).
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Justin Hurwitz won for La La Land (2016).
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Alexandre Desplat won twice for The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) and The Shape of Water (2017).
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Hildur Guðnadóttir won for Joker (2019).
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Jon Batiste won alongside Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross for Soul (2020).
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Volker Bertelmann won for All Quiet on the Western Front (2022).
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Ludwig Göransson won twice for Black Panther (2018) and Oppenheimer (2023).
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Daniel Blumberg won for The Brutalist (2024).

1930s

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1940s

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1950s

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1960s

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1970s

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1980s

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1990s

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2000s

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2010s

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2020s

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Shortlisted finalists

Finalists for Best Score are selected by the Music Branch. Music Branch members shall vote in order of their preference for not more than 15 pictures to be considered for the Score award. The 15 motion pictures receiving the highest number of votes shall advance to the next round of voting. [13]

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Records

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Superlatives

These are only for nominations in the Scoring categories. Nominations in other categories, such as the Original Song category, are not included.

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Only one composer has won two Scoring Oscars the same year: in 1973, Marvin Hamlisch won Original Dramatic Score for The Way We Were and Best Adaptation Score, for The Sting. Hamlisch also won Best Song that year for The Way We Were, making him the only composer to win three music Oscars in the same year.

Only one composer has won Oscars three years in a row: Roger Edens won for Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949) and Annie Get Your Gun (1950).

Eight composers have won Oscars two years in a row:

  1. Ray Heindorf won for Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942) and This Is the Army (1943).
  2. Franz Waxman won for Sunset Boulevard (1950) and A Place in the Sun (1951).
  3. Alfred Newman won for With a Song in My Heart (1952) and Call Me Madam (1953). He won again two years in a row for Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955) and The King and I (1956).
  4. Adolph Deutsch won for Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) and Oklahoma! (1955).
  5. André Previn won for Gigi (1958) and Porgy and Bess (1959). He won again two years in a row for Irma la Douce (1963) and My Fair Lady (1964).
  6. Leonard Rosenman won for Barry Lyndon (1975) and Bound for Glory (1976).
  7. Alan Menken won for Beauty and The Beast (1991) and Aladdin (1992).
  8. Gustavo Santaolalla won for Brokeback Mountain (2005) and Babel (2006).

Female nominees

As of 2025, only 11 women have been nominated in music score categories: Ann Ronell, Tylwyth Kymry, Angela Morley, Marilyn Bergman, Rachel Portman, Anne Dudley, Lynn Ahrens, Hildur Guðnadóttir, Germaine Franco, Laura Karpman, and Camille. Kymry, Bergman, and Ahrens were nominated for their contribution as lyricists.

Four women have won in the scoring categories. Three are composers: Rachel Portman, who won for Emma (1996); Anne Dudley, who won for The Full Monty (1997); and Hildur Guðnadóttir, who won for Joker (2019). The fourth is lyricist Marilyn Bergman, who won for Yentl (1983) in the Original Song Score category, sharing the award with co-lyricist Alan Bergman (her husband) and composer Michel Legrand. Hildur is the only woman to win the award under no qualifications; Bergman won for Best Song Score while Portman and Dudley won for Best Musical or Comedy Score.

The female composers nominated for multiple Scoring Oscars are Rachel Portman, who was nominated for Emma (1996) (for which she won for Best Musical or Comedy Score), The Cider House Rules (1999), and Chocolat (2000); and Angela Morley, who was nominated twice in the Original Song Score or Adaptation Score category for The Little Prince (1974) and The Slipper and the Rose (1976).

Notable nominees

Dmitri Shostakovich and Duke Ellington were both nominated the same year but lost to the arrangers of West Side Story.

The scores of Midnight Express by Giorgio Moroder in 1979, Slumdog Millionaire by A. R. Rahman in 2009, and The Social Network by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross in 2011 are the only scores with electronic-based music ever to win the award. In addition, the electronic-based scores of Witness by Maurice Jarre in 1986, Rain Man by Hans Zimmer in 1989, and Her by William Butler, and Owen Pallett in 2014 have also been nominated.

Noted nominated composers known for their music mostly outside the film world include: Aaron Copland, Kurt Weill, Gian Carlo Menotti, Philip Glass, John Corigliano, Peter Maxwell Davies, Randy Newman, Richard Rodney Bennett, Stephen Schwartz, Andrew Lloyd Webber, Artie Shaw, Trent Reznor, Quincy Jones, Herbie Hancock, Jon Batiste, and Jonny Greenwood.

Rock musicians and pop stars are most often nominated in the songwriting category. These popular performers were nominated in the Scoring categories: The Beatles, Prince, Pete Townshend, Rod McKuen, Isaac Hayes, Kris Kristofferson, Quincy Jones, Randy Newman, Anthony Newley, Paul Williams, Tom Waits, David Byrne, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Trent Reznor, and Matthew Wilder.

Record producers George Martin (The Beatles) and Jerry Wexler (Atlantic Records) also received nominations in the Scoring categories.

Multiple nominations

The following is a list of composers nominated more than once and winning at least one Academy Award (in this category). This list is sorted by number of awards, with the number of total nominations listed in parentheses. These do not include nominations (or awards) in the Best Original Song category.

The following composers have been nominated for a Best Original Score Oscar more than once but have yet to garner one. The number of nominations is listed in parentheses. These do not include nominations (or awards) in the Best Original Song category.

Deceased

Living

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See also

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Notes

  1. From 1934 until 1937, nominated films were represented by the head of the film studio's music department rather than the composer. Each film's actual composer(s) are listed in parentheses.
  2. Captain Blood was not officially nominated for this award, but appears in Academy records because it placed third in voting as a write-in candidate in 1935.
  3. From 1937 until 1945, film studios could submit one eligible film of their choosing, guaranteeing it a nomination.
  4. Blacklisted composer Larry Adler's name was removed from American prints of the British-made Genevieve. The film's arranger and orchestrator Muir Mathieson was credited instead and received an Oscar nomination. In 1986, the Academy's Board of Governors removed Mathieson's name from the nomination and gave it to Adler.
  5. In 1957, dramatic and comedy films competed with musicals in a combined category called Music – Scoring. Fifteen scores were shortlisted with ten from dramatic and comedy films and five from musicals. Voting resulted in no musical nominees.
  6. Limelight was originally released in 1952, but had never screened theatrically in Los Angeles until 1972, at which point it became eligible for Oscar consideration.
  7. Nino Rota was nominated for The Godfather in 1972, but the nomination was revoked after it was discovered Rota had reused music from the 1958 Italian film Fortunella. The Academy's entire music branch revoted for a fifth nominee. They could either renominate Rota for The Godfather or select one of the five other shortlisted scores: Ben by Walter Scharf, Fellini's Roma by Rota, The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean by Maurice Jarre, The Other by Jerry Goldsmith, or Sleuth by John Addison. Sleuth received the most votes and became the fifth nominee.
  8. From 1995 until 1998, Best Original Score was split into Original Dramatic Score and Original Musical or Comedy Score. For musicals and comedies, songwriters and lyricists along with orchestral underscore composers were eligible for nomination.
  9. Lisa Gerrard and Klaus Badelt also received screen credit for the Gladiator score, but only Zimmer was deemed eligible for the nomination.
  10. The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was exceptionally extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
  11. Also received 5 nominations for Best Original Song, which brings his total to 54 – the most nominated person in all of the music categories combined, and the most nominated living individual in any Oscars category
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    References

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