Angus Maddison statistics of the ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)

This historical list of the ten largest countries by GDP compiled by British economist Angus Maddison shows how much the membership and rankings of the world's ten largest economies has changed.

The global contribution to world's GDP by major economies from 1 AD to 2008 AD according to Angus Maddison's estimates^[1]

Ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)

The following estimates are taken mainly from the 2007 monograph Contours of the World Economy, 1–2030 AD by the British economist Angus Maddison.^[2] (GDP (PPP) in millions of 1990 International Dollars)^[3][4][5][a]

Year	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2030 (forecast)	China 22,983,000	United States 16,662,000	India 10,074,000	Japan 3,488,000	Indonesia 2,406,000	Russia 2,171,000	Germany 2,150,000	Brazil 2,017,000	Mexico 1,973,000	United Kingdom 1,853,000
2003	United States 8,430,762	China 6,187,984	Japan 2,699,261	India 2,267,136	Germany 1,577,423	France 1,315,601	United Kingdom 1,280,625	Italy 1,110,691	Brazil 1,013,000	Russia 914,000
1990[6]	United States 5,803,200	Japan 2,321,153	China 2,109,400	Soviet Union 1,987,955[b]	West Germany 1,182,261[c]	India 1,098,100	France 1,026,491	United Kingdom 944,610	Italy 925,654	Brazil 743,765
1973	United States 3,536,622	Soviet Union 1,513,070[d]	Japan 1,242,932	West Germany 814,796[e]	China 739,414	France 683,965	United Kingdom 675,941	Italy 582,713	India 494,832	Brazil 401,643
1950	United States 1,455,916	Soviet Union 510,243	United Kingdom 347,850	China 244,985	India 222,222[f]	France 220,492	West Germany 213,942[g]	Italy 164,957	Japan 160,966	Canada 102,164
1913	United States 517,383	China 241,341	German Empire 237,332[h]	Russian Empire 232,351	United Kingdom 224,618[i]	India 204,242[j]	France 144,489[k]	Italy 95,487[l]	Japan 71,653[m]	Spain 41,653[n]
1870	China 189,470	India 134,882[o]	United Kingdom 100,180[p]	United States 98,374	Russian Empire 83,646	German Empire 72,149[q]	France 72,100[r]	Italy 41,814	Japan 25,393[s]	Spain 19,556[t]
1820	China 228,600	India 111,417[u]	Russian Empire 37,678	United Kingdom 36,232[v]	France 35,468	German Confederation 26,819[w]	Italy 22,535[x]	Japan 20,739[y]	United States 12,548	Spain 12,299[z]

Notes

1. These GDP (PPP) estimates are mostly based on the present territorial boundaries, with the exception of France, Germany, India, Russia/Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom at specified periods.
2. The Russian Soviet Socialist Republic represented 1,151,040 million in GDP (PPP) of the total figure of the Soviet Union.^[7]
3. West Germany (1990 frontiers)^[8]
4. The Russian Soviet Socialist Republic represented 872,466 million in GDP (PPP) of the total figure of the Soviet Union.^[7]
5. West Germany (1990 frontiers)^[8]
6. GDP (PPP) figures for India after Partition, which decreased GDP from 258,164 million at the end of 1946 to 213,680 million at the end of 1947.^[9]
7. West Germany (1990 frontiers)^[8]
8. Based on 1913 frontiers but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine.^[8]
9. Excludes 11,891 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.^[10]
10. GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.^[11]
11. This figure excludes the impact of the loss of Alsace-Lorraine between 1871-1918.^[12]
12. Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) of 100,515, see note on Spain in 1913.
13. Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) of 100,515, see note on Spain in 1913.
14. Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,^[2] which does not refer to Austria-Hungary. In 1913, however, the Cisleithania portion of Austria-Hungary alone had a GDP (PPP) of 62,638 million.^[13] According to Max Stephan Schulze, Austria-Hungary had a GDP (PPP) of 100,515 million in 1913 when compared to Russia (254,448 million), Germany (237,332 million), United Kingdom (224,618 million), France (144,489 million) and Italy (95,487 million).^[14] Schulze's figures correspond to Angus Maddison, with the notable exception of the Russian Empire, whose GDP (PPP) is estimated to be approximately 9 per cent larger.
15. GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.^[11]
16. Excludes 9,619 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.^[10]
17. Based on 1913 frontiers but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, Germany had taken Alsace-Lorraine from France. At the time, this annexation had increased both its population and GDP by four per cent.^[8]
18. This figure excludes the impact of the loss of Alsace-Lorraine between 1871-1918 and the impact of the acquisition of territory in 1861 from Italy in the Savoie and Nice.^[12]
19. Austria-Hungary had a larger GDP (PPP) in 1870, based on Cisleithania's estimated GDP (PPP) of 25,003 million^[13] and also the estimated GDP (PPP) of just the territory of modern Hungary in 1870 at 6,459 million.^[15]
20. Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,^[2] which does not refer to Austria-Hungary. In 1870, the Cisleithania portion of Austria-Hungary alone had a GDP (PPP) of 25,003 million.^[13]
21. GDP (PPP) figures for Undivided India.^[11]
22. Excludes 6,231 million in GDP (PPP) of territories that would become part of the Republic of Ireland.^[10]
23. Anachronistic figures based on the 1913 frontiers of the German Empire but excluding Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine. This figure includes contributions made by parts of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Prussian-led German Empire that were never included in the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866, while excluding contributions that would have been made by parts of the Austrian Empire included within the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866, namely, modern Austria and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown.^[8] In 1820, the territory of modern Austria constituted 4,104 million in GDP (PPP), while former Czechoslovakia constituted 7,657 million in GDP (PPP). However, this retrospective figure for Czechoslovakia includes contributions by territories of modern Slovakia, much of which was then a constituent part of the Kingdom of Hungary within the Austrian Empire and excluded from the German Confederation.^[16]
24. Italy was not unified as a country until 1861, this GDP (PPP) figure and follwing figures for Italy represents the combined output of the regions comprising the modern country of Italy since 1946, which in 1820 were ruled by various Italian and non-Italian polities.
25. This GDP (PPP) figure and further figures for Japan is based on territories comprising the modern country of Japan since 1947.
26. Spain is included based on the overall tables in Angus Maddison,^[2] which does not refer to the Austrian Empire that potentially could have had a larger GDP (PPP) in 1820. The territories of modern Austria and former Czechoslovakia constituted 4,104 million and 6,501 million GDP (PPP) within the Austrian Empire, and these two figures do not take into account the rest of the Kingdom of Hungary and other constituents of the Austrian Empire.^[16]