Azeotrope tables

This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture. Boiling points are reported at a pressure of 760 mm Hg unless otherwise stated. Where the mixture separates into layers, values are shown for upper (U) and lower (L) layers.

The data were obtained from Lange's 10th edition^[1] and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th edition^[2] unless otherwise noted (see color code table).

A list of 15825 binary and ternary mixtures was collated and published by the American Chemical Society.^[3] An azeotrope databank is also available online through the University of Edinburgh.^[4]

Binary azeotropes

Data source color code
CRC & Lange's	CRC only	Lange's only	other (see references)

Binary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various alcohols ethanol 78.4 78.1 95.5 0.804 methanol[5] 64.7 Doesn't form azeotrope 1-propanol 97.3 87.7 71.7 0.866 2-propanol 82.5 80.4 87.7 0.818 n-butanol 117.8 92.4 55.5 U 79.9 L 7.7 U 0.849 L 0.990 sec-butanol 99.5 88.5 67.9 0.863 isobutanol 108.0 90.0 70.0 U 85.0 L 8.7 U 0.839 L 0.988 tert-butanol 82.8 79.9 88.3 allyl alcohol 97.0 88.2 72.9 0.905 furfuryl alcohol 169.4 98.5 20 cyclohexanol[6] 161.1 97.8 20 benzyl alcohol[6] 205.4 99.9 9 with various organic acids formic acid 100.8 107.3 77.5 acetic acid ‡[5][7] 118.1 No azeotrope propionic acid 141.1 99.98 17.7 1.016 butyric acid 163.5 99.94 18.4 1.007 isobutyric acid 154.5 99.3 21 with mineral acids nitric acid 83.0 120.5 68 1.405 perchloric acid 110.0 203 71.6 hydrofluoric acid 19.9 120 37 hydrochloric acid –84 110 20.24 1.102 hydrobromic acid –73 126 47.5 1.481 hydroiodic acid –34 127 57 sulfuric acid 290 338 98 with various alkyl halides ethylene chloride 83.7 72 91.8 propylene chloride 96.8 78 89.4 chloroform[8] 61.2 56.1 97.2 U 0.8 L 99.8 U 1.004 L 1.491 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 66.8 95.9 U 0.03 L 99.97 U 1.000 L 1.597 methylene chloride 40.0 38.8 99.6 U 2.0 99.9 U 1.009 L 1.328 with various esters ethyl acetate 77.1 70.4 91.9 U 96.7 L 8.7 U 0.907 L 0.999 methyl acetate 57.0 56.1 95.0 0.940 n-propyl acetate[6] 101.6 82.4 86 isopropyl acetate[9] 88.7 75.9 88.9 ethyl nitrate 87.7 74.4 78 with various other solvents acetone ‡[5][7] 56.5 No azeotrope methyl ethyl ketone 79.6 73.5 89 0.834 pyridine 115.5 92.6 57 1.010 benzene 80.2 69.3 91.1 U 99.94 L 0.07 U 0.880 L 0.999 toluene 110.8 84.1 79.8 U 99.95 L 0.06 U 0.868 L 1.000 cyclohexane 80.7 69.8 91.5 U 99.99 L 0.01 U 0.780 L 1.00 CPME[10] 106 83 83.7 MTBE[10] 55 52.9 96.5 diethyl ether 34.5 34.2 98.7 0.720 tetrahydrofuran[5] 66 64.2[11] 95 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12][10] 80.2 71 89.4 anisole 153.9 95.5 59.5 acetonitrile 82.0 76.5 83.7 0.818 chloral 97.75 95.0 93.0 hydrazine[13] 113.5 120.3 68.5 m-xylene[3][14] 139.0 92.0 64.2 ‡ CRC 44th ed. lists azeotropes for acetic acid/water and acetone/water, Lange's 10th ed. as well as numerous web sources indicate no azeotrope for these pairs. Binary azeotropes of allyl alcohol, b.p.=97.0 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various solvents methyl butyrate 102.7 93.8 45 n-propyl acetate 101.6 94.2 47 benzene 80.2 76.8 82.6 0.874 toluene 110.8 92.4 50 cyclohexane 80.8 74 80 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 72.3 88.5 1.450 ethylene chloride 83.7 79.9 82	Binary azeotropes of ethanol, b.p.=78.4 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various esters ethyl acetate 77.1 71.8 69.2 0.863 methyl acetate 57.0 56.9 97 ethyl nitrate 87.7 71.9 56 isopropyl acetate[6] 88.4 76.8 47 with various hydrocarbons benzene 80.2 68.2 67.6 0.848 cyclohexane[15] 80.7 64.9 69.5 toluene 110.8 76.7 32 0.815 n-pentane 36.2 34.3 95 n-hexane 68.9 58.7 79 0.687 n-heptane 98.5 70.9 51 0.729 n-octane 125.6 77.0 22 with various alkyl halides ethylene chloride 83.7 70.5 63 chloroform 61.1 59.4 93 1.403 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 65.1 84.2 1.377 allyl chloride 45.7 44 95 n-propyl chloride 46.7 45.0 93 isopropyl chloride 36.3 35.6 97.2 n-propyl bromide 71.0 62.8 79.5 isopropyl bromide 59.8 55.6 89.5 n-propyl iodide 102.4 75.4 56 isopropyl iodide 89.4 71.5 73 methyl iodide 42.6 41.2 96.8 methylene chloride 40.1 39.85 95.0 ethyl bromide 38.0 37.0 97.0 trichloroethylene 87 70.9 73.0 1.197 trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113) 47.7 43.8 96.2 1.517 tetrachloroethylene 121.0 76.75 37.0 with various other solvents water 78.4 78.1 4.5 0.804 methyl ethyl ketone 79.6 74.8 60 0.802 acetonitrile 82.0 72.9 43.0 0.788 nitromethane 101.3 75.95 26.8 tetrahydrofuran[16] P = 100 kPa 65.6 65 96.7 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12] 80.2 74.4 66 thiophene[15] 84.1 70.0 55.0 carbon disulfide[6] 46.2 42.4 92 Binary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.7 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various esters methyl acetate 57.0 53.8 81.3 0.908 ethyl acetate 77.1 62.3 56 0.846 ethyl formate 54.1 51.0 84 with various hydrocarbons benzene 80.2 58.3 60.5 0.844 toluene 110.8 63.8 31 0.813 cyclohexane 80.8 45.2 62.8 U 97.0 L 39.0 n-pentane 36.2 30.8 91 n-hexane[17] 68.9 60 71.6 n-heptane 98.5 59.1 48.5 n-octane 125.8 63.0 72.0 with various alkyl halides methylene chloride 40.0 37.8 92.7 ethylene chloride 83.7 61.0 68 chloroform 61.1 53.5 87.4 1.342 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 55.7 79.4 1.322 ethyl bromide 38.4 35.0 95.5 n-propyl chloride 46.6 40.5 90.5 isopropyl chloride 36.4 33.4 94 n-propyl bromide 71.0 54.5 79 isopropyl bromide 59.8 48.6 85.0 isopropyl iodide 89.4 61.0 62 trichloroethylene[6] 87.2 60.2 64 tetrachloroethylene[16] 121.1 63.5 40.6 trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113)[6] 47.7 39.9 94 with various other solvents nitromethane 101.2 64.6 9 acetone 56.5 55.7 87.9 0.796 acetonitrile 82.0 63.45 19.0 carbon disulfide 46.2 37.7 86.0 U 50.8 L 97.2 U 0.979 L 1.261 isopropyl alcohol[6] 82.5 64.0 20 tetrahydrofuran[18] P = 984 mBar 65.6 60.7 69.0 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12] 80.2 62.7 43 MTBE[19] 55 51.3 68.6
Binary azeotropes of n-propanol, b.p.=97.2 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various solvents methyl butyrate 102.7 94.4 51 n-propyl formate 80.8 80.65 97 n-propyl acetate 101.6 94.7 49 0.833 benzene 80.2 77.1 83.1 toluene 110.8 92.4 47.5 0.836 n-hexane 68.9 65.7 96 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 73.1 88.5 1.437 ethylene chloride 83.7 80.7 81 n-propyl bromide 71.0 69.7 91 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12] 80.2 79.5 99 Binary azeotropes of acetic acid, b.p.=118.5 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various solvents benzene 80.2 80.05 98 0.882 cyclohexane[6] 80.8 79.7 98 toluene 110.8 105.0 72 0.905 m-xylene 139.0 115.4 27.5 0.908 mesitylene[20] 164.6 118 3.6 n-heptane 98.5 92.3 70 n-octane 125.8 109.0 50 isopropyl iodide 89.2 88.3 91 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 76.6 97 tetrachloroethylene 121.0 107.4 61.5 ethylene bromide 131.7 114.4 45 1,1-dibromoethane 109.5 103.7 75.0 methylene bromide 98.2 94.8 84.0 pyridine 115.3 139.7 65.0 1.024	Binary azeotropes of Isopropyl alcohol, b.p.=82.5 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various esters ethyl acetate 77.1 75.3 75 0.869 isopropyl acetate 91.0 81.3 40 0.822 with various hydrocarbons benzene 80.2 71.9 66.7 0.838 toluene ‡[15] 110.8 80.6 42 cyclohexane 80.7 68.6 67.0 0.777 n-pentane 36.2 35.5 94 n-hexane 68.9 62.7 77 n-heptane 98.5 76.3 46 with various alkyl halides carbon tetrachloride 76.8 69.0 82 1.344 chloroform 61.1 60.8 95.8 ethylene chloride 83.7 74.7 56.5 ethyl iodide 83.7 67.1 85 n-propyl chloride 46.7 46.4 97.2 n-propyl bromide 71.0 66.8 79.5 isopropyl bromide 59.8 57.8 88 n-propyl iodide 102.4 79.8 58 isopropyl iodide 89.4 76.0 68 tetrachloroethylene[15] 121.1 81.7 19.0 with various other solvents methyl ethyl ketone 79.0 77.5 68 0.800 diisopropyl ether 69 66.2 85.9 nitromethane 101.0 79.3 70 2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12] 80.2 77 82 ‡ CRC and Lange's disagree on this azeotrope, but web source corroborates CRC
Binary azeotropes of formic acid, b.p.=100.8 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various hydrocarbons benzene 80.2 71.7 69 toluene 110.8 85.8 50 m-xylene 139.0 94.2 29.8 m-xylene[3][14] 139.0 92.8 28.2 o-xylene[3] 143.6 95.5 26 p-xylene[3] 138.4 ~95 30.0 n-pentane 36.2 34.2 90 n-hexane 68.9 60.6 72 n-heptane 98.5 78.2 56.5 n-octane 125.8 90.5 37 with various alkyl halides chloroform 61.2 59.2 85 carbon tetrachloride 76.8 66.7 81.5 methyl iodide 42.6 42.1 94 ethyl bromide 38.4 38.2 97 ethylene chloride 83.6 77.4 86 ethylene bromide 131.7 94.7 48.5 n-propyl chloride 46.7 45.6 92 isopropyl chloride 34.8 34.7 98.5 n-propyl bromide 71.0 64.7 73 isopropyl bromide 59.4 56.0 86 with various other solvents carbon disulfide 46.3 42.6 83 Binary azeotropes of benzene, b.p.=80.1 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav cyclohexane 80.74 77.8 45.0 0.834 ethyl nitrate 88.7 80.03 12.0 methyl ethyl ketone 79.6 78.4 37.5 0.853 nitromethane 101.0 79.15 14.0 acetonitrile 82.0 73.0 34.0 n-heptane[6] 98.5 80.0 1	Binary azeotropes of ethylene glycol, b.p.=197.4 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav with various solvents ethyl benzoate 212.6 186.1 53.5 diphenyl 254.9 192.0 36 mesitylene 164.6 156.0 87 naphthalene 218.1 183.9 49 toluene 110.8 110.2 93.5 m-xylene 139.0 135.6 85 o-xylene 144.4 139.6 84.0 ethylene bromide 131.7 129.8 96 nitrobenzene 210.9 185.9 41 chlorobenzene 132.0 130.1 5.6 benzyl chloride 179.3 167.0 70 benzyl alcohol 205.1 193.1 44 anisole 153.9 150.5 89.5 acetophenone 202.1 185.7 48 aniline 184.4 180.6 76 o-cresol 191.1 189.6 73 Binary azeotropes of glycerol, b.p.=291.0 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav diphenyl 254.9 243.8 45 naphthalene 218.1 215.2 90 Binary azeotropes of acetone, b.p.=56.5 °C 2nd Component b.p. of comp. (˚C) b.p. of mixture (˚C)  % by weight spef. grav carbon disulfide 46.3 39.3 67.0 1.04 chloroform 61.2 64.7 80.0 1.268 cyclohexane 80.74 53.0 33.0 n-hexane 68.8 49.8 41 ethyl iodide 56.5 55.0 40.0 carbon tetrachloride[15] 76.8 56.2 11.9

Miscellaneous azeotrope pairs

component 1	b.p. comp. 1 (˚C)	component 2	b.p. comp. 2 (˚C)		b.p. azeo. (˚C)	% wt comp. 1	% wt comp. 2	spec. grav.
acetaldehyde	21.0	diethyl ether	34.6		20.5	76.0	24.0	0.762
		n-butane[15]	–0.5		–7.0	16.0	84.0
acetamide	222.0	benzaldehyde	179.5		178.6	6.5	93.5
		nitrobenzene	210.9		202.0	24.0	76.0
		o-xylene	144.1		142.6	11.0	89.0
acetonitrile	82.0	ethyl acetate	77.15		74.8	23.0	77.0
		toluene[16]	110.6		81.1	76.0	24.0
acetylene	–86.6	ethane	–88.3		–94.5	40.7	59.3
aniline	184.4	o-cresol	191.5		191.3	8.0	92.0
carbon disulfide	46.2	diethyl ether	34.6		34.4	1.0	99.0	0.719
		1,1-dichloroethane	57.2		46.0	94.0	6.0
		methyl ethyl ketone	79.6		45.9	84.7	15.3	1.157
		ethyl acetate[6]	77.1		46.1	97	3
		methyl acetate[6]	57.0		40.2	73	27
chloroform	61.2	methyl ethyl ketone	79.6		79.9	17.0	83.0	0.877
		n-hexane	68.7		60.0	72.0	28.0	1.101
carbon tetrachloride	76.8	methyl ethyl ketone	79.9		73.8	71.0	29.0	1.247
		ethylene dichloride	84.0		75.3	78.0	22.0	1.500
		ethyl acetate	77.1		74.8	57.0	43.0	1.202
cyclohexane	80.74	ethyl acetate	77.15		72.8	46.0	54.0
		ethyl nitrate	88.7		74.5	64.0	36.0
diethyl ether	34.6	methyl formate	31.50		28.2	44.0	56.0
		methylene chloride[5]	40		40.8	30	70
nitromethane	101.0	toluene	110.8		96.5	55.0	45.0
tetrahydrofuran[18]	65.6	chloroform	61.2		72.5	34.5	65.5
		n-hexane	69		63.0	46.5	53.5
toluene	110.63	pyridine	115.3		110.2	78.0	22.0
		2-methyltetrahydrofuran[12]	80.2		none	-	-
propylene glycol[21]	188.2	aniline	184.4		179.5	43	57
		o-xylene	144.4		135.8	10	90
		toluene	110.6		110.5	1.5	98.5

Ternary azeotropes

Tables of various ternary azeotropes (that is azeotropes consisting of three components). Fraction percentages are given by weight.

Data source color code
CRC & Lange's	CRC only	Lange's only	other (see references)

Ternary azeotropes of water, b.p.=100 °C

2nd component	b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C)	3rd component	b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C)		b.p. azeo. (˚C)	% wt 1st	% wt 2nd	% wt 3rd	spec. grav
ethanol	78.4	ethyl acetate	77.1		70.3	7.8	9.0	83.2	0.901
		cyclohexane	80.8		62.1	7	17	76
		benzene	80.2		64.9	7.4 U 1.3 L 43.1	18.5 U 12.7 L 52.1	74.1 U 86.0 L 4.8	U 0.866 L 0.892
		chloroform	61.2		55.5	3.5 U 80.8 L 0.5	4.0 U 18.2 L 3.7	92.5 U 1.0 L 95.8	U 0.976 L 1.441
		carbon tetrachloride	86.8		61.8	4.3	9.7	86.0
						3.4 U 44.5 L <0.1	10.3 U 48.5 L 5.2	86.3 U 7.0 L 94.8	U 0.935 L 1.519
		ethylene chloride	83.7		66.7	5	17	78
		acetonitrile	82.0		72.9	1.0	55.0	44.0
		toluene	110.6		74.4	12.0 U 3.1 L 20.7	37.0 U 15.6 L 54.8	51.0 U 81.3 L 24.5	U 0.849 L 0.855
		methyl ethyl ketone	79.6		73.2	11.0	14.0	75.0	0.832
		n-hexane	69.0		56.0	3.0 U 0.5 L 19.0	12.0 U 3.0 L 75.0	85.0 U 96.5 L 6.0	U 0.672 L 0.833
		n-heptane	98.4		68.8	6.1 U 0.2 L 15.0	33.0 U 5.0 L 75.9	60.9 U 94.8 L 9.1	U 0.686 L 0.801
		carbon disulfide	46.2		41.3	1.6	5.0	93.4
n-propanol	97.2	cyclohexane	80.8		66.6	8.5	10.0	81.5
		benzene	80.2		68.5	8.6	9.0	82.4
		carbon tetrachloride	76.8		65.4	5 U 84.9 L 1.0	11 U 15.0 L 11.0	84 U 0.1 L 88.0	U 0.979 L 1.436
		diethyl ketone	102.2		81.2	20	20	60
		n-propyl acetate	101.6		82.2	21.0	19.5	59.5
Isopropyl alcohol	82.5	cyclohexane	80.8		64.3	7.5	18.5	74.0
					66.1	7.5	21.5	71.0
		benzene	80.2		66.5	7.5	18.7	73.8
					65.7	8.2 U 2.3 L 85.1	19.8 U 20.2 L 14.4	72.0 U 77.5 L 0.5	U 0.855 L 0.966
		methyl ethyl ketone	79.6		73.4	11.0	1.0	88.0	0.834
		toluene	110.6		76.3	13.1 U 8.5 L 61.0	38.2 U 38.2 L 38.0	48.7 U 53.3 L 1.0	U 0.845 L 0.930
allyl alcohol	97.0	n-hexane	69.0		59.7	5 U 0.5 L 64.4	5 U 3.6 L 34.8	90 U 95.9 L 0.8	U 0.668 L 0.964
		benzene	80.2		68.2	8.6 U 0.6 L 80.9	9.2 U 8.7 L 17.7	82.2 U 90.7 L 0.4	U 0.877 L 0.985
		cyclohexane	80.8		66.2	8	11	81
		carbon tetrachloride	76.8		65.2	5 U 71.7 L 0.8	11 U 25.6 L 10.1	84 U 2.7 L 89.1	U 0.777 L 1.464
benzene	80.1	acetonitrile	82.0		66.0	8.2	68.5	23.3
		methyl ethyl ketone	79.6		68.2	8.8 U 0.6 L 94.7	65.1 U 71.3 L 0.1	26.1 U 28.1 L 5.2	U 0.858 L 0.992
methyl ethyl ketone	79.6	carbon tetrachloride	76.8		65.7	3.0 U 94.4 L 0.1	22.2 U 5.5 L 22.6	74.8 U 0.1 L 77.3	U 0.993 L 1.313
		cyclohexane	81.0		63.6	5.0 U 0.6 L 89.9	60.0 U 37.0 L 10.0	35.0 U 62.4 L 0.1	U 0.769 L 0.98
chloroform	61.2	methanol	64.65		52.6	4.0 U 27.0 L 3.0	81.0 U 32.0 L 83.0	15.0 U 41.0 L 14.0	U 1.022 L 1.399
		acetone‡	56.5		60.4	4.0	57.6	38.4

^‡Saddle azeotrope

Ternary azeotropes of methanol, b.p.=64.65 °C

2nd component	b.p. 2nd comp. (˚C)	3rd component	b.p. 3rd comp. (˚C)		b.p. azeo. (˚C)	% wt 1st	% wt 2nd	% wt 3rd	spec. grav
acetone	56.5	chloroform‡	61.2		57.5	23.0	30.0	47.0
		methyl acetate	57.0		53.7	17.4	5.8	76.8	0.898
		cyclohexane	81.4		51.5	16.0	43.5	40.5
methyl acetate	57.1	carbon disulfide	46.2		37.0
		cyclohexane	81.4		50.8	17.8	48.6	33.6
		n-hexane	69.0		45.0	14.0	27.0	59.0	0.73

^‡Saddle azeotrope