Caspase 14

Caspase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP14 gene.^[5][6][7] Orthologs of this gene also exist in other mammals, such as sirenians and cetaceans, though they are inactivated in these two clades. Curiously, manatees, which are sirenians, retain some functional CASP14 genes.^[8]

CASP14
Identifiers
Aliases	CASP14, caspase 14, ARCI12
External IDs	OMIM: 605848; MGI: 1335092; HomoloGene: 36304; GeneCards: CASP14; OMA:CASP14 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19p13.12 Start 15,049,480 bp[1] End 15,058,293 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10|10 C1 Start 78,547,825 bp[2] End 78,554,128 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in skin of abdomen skin of leg skin of arm vulva testicle vagina human penis skin of thigh tibialis anterior muscle mucosa of ileum Top expressed in lip esophagus skin of back umbilical cord skin of abdomen skin of external ear left colon sexually immature organism epidermis cornea More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function peptidase activity cysteine-type endopeptidase activity cysteine-type peptidase activity protein binding hydrolase activity endopeptidase activity cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process Cellular component cytoplasm keratin filament nucleus cytosol mitochondrion Biological process cornification cell differentiation keratinization proteolysis epidermis development execution phase of apoptosis apoptotic process intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 23581 12365 Ensembl ENSG00000105141 ENSMUSG00000005355 UniProt P31944 O89094 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_012114 NM_009809 RefSeq (protein) NP_036246 NP_033939 Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 15.05 – 15.06 Mb Chr 10: 78.55 – 78.55 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The CASP14 gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. This caspase has been shown to be processed and activated by caspase 8 and caspase 10 in vitro, and by anti-Fas agonist antibody or TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand in vivo. The expression and processing of this caspase may be involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation, which is important for the formation of the skin barrier.^[7]

According to the Human Protein Atlas,^[9] the CASP14 protein is enriched in human skin and mainly expressed in the upper layers of the epidermis. The protein is mainly localised to the cytosol according to the Cell Atlas.^[10]

See also

• The Proteolysis Map
• Caspase