CXCL2

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), Growth-regulated protein beta (Gro-beta) and Gro oncogene-2 (Gro-2). CXCL2 is 90% identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. This chemokine is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and hematopoietic stem cells.^[5][6][7] The gene for CXCL2 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster of other CXC chemokines.^[8] CXCL2 mobilizes cells by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2.^[7]

CXCL2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1QNK
Identifiers
Aliases	CXCL2, CINC-2a, GRO2, GROb, MGSA-b, MIP-2a, MIP2, MIP2A, SCYB2, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2
External IDs	OMIM: 139110; MGI: 108068; HomoloGene: 105490; GeneCards: CXCL2; OMA:CXCL2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4q13.3 Start 74,097,040 bp[1] End 74,099,196 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 E1|5 44.78 cM Start 91,039,100 bp[2] End 91,040,974 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in mucosa of paranasal sinus right lobe of liver vena cava saphenous vein cartilage tissue lower lobe of lung beta cell upper lobe of lung upper lobe of left lung gastric mucosa Top expressed in endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel left lobe of liver spermatocyte embryo embryo spermatid stroma of bone marrow islet of Langerhans trachea cumulus cell More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding CXCR chemokine receptor binding cytokine activity chemokine activity Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process chemokine-mediated signaling pathway response to molecule of bacterial origin response to lipopolysaccharide chemotaxis positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis immune response regulation of cell population proliferation cell chemotaxis defense response inflammatory response antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide regulation of signaling receptor activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway cytokine-mediated signaling pathway neutrophil chemotaxis leukocyte chemotaxis cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2920 14825 Ensembl ENSG00000081041 ENSMUSG00000029380 UniProt P19875 P12850 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002089 NM_008176 RefSeq (protein) NP_002080 NP_032202 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 74.1 – 74.1 Mb Chr 5: 91.04 – 91.04 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2
Identifiers
Symbol	CXCL2
Alt. symbols	SCYB2, GRO2, GROb, MIP-2a, MGSA-b, CINC-2a
NCBI gene	2920
HGNC	4603
OMIM	139110
RefSeq	NM_002089
UniProt	P19875
Other data
Locus	Chr. 4 q21
Search for Structures Swiss-model Domains InterPro

CXCL2, like related chemokines, is also a powerful neutrophil chemoattractant and is involved in many immune responses including wound healing, cancer metastasis, and angiogenesis.^[9] A study was published in 2013 testing the role of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL1 in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) migration which plays a significant role in asthma. The results of this study showed that CXCL2 and CXCL3 both help with the mediation of normal and asthmatic ASMC migration through different mechanisms.^[9]

Clinical development

CXCL2 in combination with the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic stem cells into the peripheral blood.^[10]

This rapid peripheral blood stem cell mobilization regimen entered Phase 2 clinical trials in 2021^[11][12] in development by Magenta Therapeutics^[13] as a new method to collect stem cells for bone marrow transplantation.