CXCL5

C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5 or ENA78) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL5 gene.^[5][6]

CXCL5
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2MGS
Identifiers
Aliases	CXCL5, ENA-78, SCYB5, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5
External IDs	OMIM: 600324; MGI: 1096868; HomoloGene: 88672; GeneCards: CXCL5; OMA:CXCL5 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 4 (human)[1] Band 4q13.3 Start 73,995,642 bp[1] End 73,998,677 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 E1|5 44.78 cM Start 90,907,219 bp[2] End 90,909,483 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte appendix cartilage tissue pancreatic epithelial cell minor salivary glands islet of Langerhans testicle pancreatic ductal cell gallbladder palpebral conjunctiva Top expressed in right lobe of liver cervix endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel trachea respiratory epithelium olfactory epithelium mandibular molars embryo embryo conjunctival fornix More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function CXCR chemokine receptor binding cytokine activity chemokine activity identical protein binding Cellular component extracellular region extracellular space Biological process positive regulation of cell population proliferation inflammatory response response to lipopolysaccharide signal transduction cell-cell signaling immune response chemokine-mediated signaling pathway cell chemotaxis neutrophil mediated immunity chemotaxis defense response positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis regulation of signaling receptor activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway neutrophil chemotaxis leukocyte chemotaxis antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide cellular response to lipopolysaccharide Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6374 20311 Ensembl ENSG00000163735 ENSMUSG00000029371 UniProt P42830 P50228 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002994 NM_009141 RefSeq (protein) NP_002985 NP_033167 Location (UCSC) Chr 4: 74 – 74 Mb Chr 5: 90.91 – 90.91 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

See also: tissue remodeling

The protein encoded by this gene, CXCL5 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78). It is produced following stimulation of cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha.^[7] Expression of CXCL5 has also been observed in eosinophils, and can be inhibited with the type II interferon IFN-γ.^[8] This chemokine stimulates the chemotaxis of neutrophils possessing angiogenic properties. It elicits these effects by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2.^[8] The gene for CXCL5 has four exons and is located on human chromosome 4 amongst several other CXC chemokine genes.^[7][9] CXCL5 has been implicated in connective tissue remodelling.^[8] CXCL5 has been also described to regulate neutrophil homeostasis.^[10]

Clinical significance

CXCL5 plays a role in reducing sensitivity to sunburn pain in some subjects, and is a "potential target which can be utilized to understand more about pain in other inflammatory conditions like arthritis and cystitis.".^[11] CXCL5 is well known to have chemotactic and activating functions on neutrophil, mainly during acute inflammatory responses. However CXCL5 expression is also higher in atherosclerosis (a chronic inflammatory condition) but is not associated with neutrophil infiltration. Instead CXCL5 has a protective role in atherosclerosis by directly controlling macrophage foam cell formation.^[12]