CYYR1

Cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYYR1 gene^[5][6][7] and is located on chromosome 21, location 21q21.2. This protein has a function that is not presently understood.

CYYR1
Identifiers
Aliases	CYYR1, C21orf95, cysteine and tyrosine rich 1
External IDs	OMIM: 616020; MGI: 2152187; HomoloGene: 14191; GeneCards: CYYR1; OMA:CYYR1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 21 (human)[1] Band 21q21.3 Start 26,466,209 bp[1] End 26,573,286 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse)[2] Band 16 C3.3|16 47.45 cM Start 85,218,421 bp[2] End 85,350,285 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in visceral pleura myocardium of left ventricle parietal pleura pericardium vena cava epithelium of lactiferous gland lactiferous duct right ventricle urethra superficial temporal artery Top expressed in right lung lobe left lung lobe myocardium of ventricle endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel extraocular muscle carotid body digastric muscle brown adipose tissue soleus muscle body of femur More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function molecular function Cellular component integral component of membrane membrane Biological process biological process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 116159 224405 Ensembl ENSG00000166265 ENSMUSG00000041134 UniProt Q96J86 Q8VIH7 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_052954 NM_001320768 NM_144853 RefSeq (protein) NP_001307697 NP_443186 NP_659102 Location (UCSC) Chr 21: 26.47 – 26.57 Mb Chr 16: 85.22 – 85.35 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Protein

The product of the gene is a single pass type 1 transmembrane protein with four exons and a very large intron of 85.8 kb and coding for a protein containing 154 amino acids.^[8] The most prominent feature identified in the protein is a central, unique cysteine and tyrosine-rich protein domain, on portion of the protein which is located inside the cell. This domain is found to be strongly conserved from lower vertebrates (fishes) to humans but is absent in bacteria and invertebrates.^[6]

Properties and Domains

Bioinformatic analysis predicted the following properties for CYYR1:

• Molecular Weight = 16.6kdal
• Isoelectric Point = 8.28

The amino acid sequence is 153 amino acids long and contains 3 domains.^[9]

1   MDAPRLPVRP GVLLPKLVLL FVYADDCLAQ CGKDCKSYCC DGTTPYCCSY
51  YAYIGNILSG TAIAGIVFGI VFIMGVIAGI AICICMCMKN HRATRVGILR
101 TTHINTVSSY PGPPPYGHDH EMEYCDLPPP YSPTPQGPAQ RSPPPPYPGN
151 ARK

Using bioinformatic tools the following domains were determined:

• Signal Peptide^[8] - Position 1-29
• Transmembrane Domain^[8] - Position 62-82
• Poly-Proline Domain^[8] - Position 144-149

Orthologs

Multiple sequence alignments were done with orthologs of the CYYR1 gene and they show that the protein sequence is highly conserved throughout all vertebrates.

Species	Accession #	Identity
Pan troglodytes	XP_001158941.1	99.2%[10]
Macaca mulatta	XP_001104127.1	95.5%[10]
Mus musculus	NP_659102.1	88.2%[10]
Xenopus laevis	NP_001088967.1	74.3%[10]
Danio rerio	NP_998047.1	60.4%[10]

There are no known or predicted paralogs in Homo sapiens.

Interactions

CYYR1 has been shown to increase glutathione (GSH) level in yeast cells when complementing a defect in GSH uptake in yeast cells that lack Hgt1p, the primary yeast GSH uptake transporter.^[11] However, the CYYR1 gene is not naturally found in yeast, so function of CYYR1 is still unknown.