Cardiotrophin 1

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a protein encoded by the CTF1 gene in humans. It functions as a cytokine and acts as a 21.5 kDa cardiac hypertrophic factor. CT-1 belongs to the IL-6 cytokine family.

CTF1
Identifiers
Aliases	CTF1, cardiotrophin 1, CT-1, CT1
External IDs	OMIM: 600435; MGI: 105115; HomoloGene: 1016; GeneCards: CTF1; OMA:CTF1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 16 (human)[1] Band 16p11.2 Start 30,896,614 bp[1] End 30,903,547 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 7 (mouse)[2] Band 7|7 F3 Start 127,311,908 bp[2] End 127,317,364 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in apex of heart muscle of thigh body of uterus popliteal artery tibial arteries left ovary right auricle of heart right ovary left ventricle canal of the cervix Top expressed in vestibular membrane of cochlear duct Epithelium of choroid plexus retinal pigment epithelium epithelium of lens ciliary body vestibular sensory epithelium muscle of thigh choroid plexus of fourth ventricle internal carotid artery external carotid artery More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function cytokine activity protein binding leukemia inhibitory factor receptor binding Cellular component extracellular space extracellular region Biological process cell-cell signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway muscle organ development leukemia inhibitory factor signaling pathway cell population proliferation neuron development nervous system development positive regulation of cell population proliferation positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein regulation of signaling receptor activity cytokine-mediated signaling pathway neuron differentiation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1489 13019 Ensembl ENSG00000150281 ENSMUSG00000042340 UniProt Q16619 Q60753 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001142544 NM_001330 NM_001301282 NM_001301283 NM_007795 RefSeq (protein) NP_001136016 NP_001321 NP_001288211 NP_001288212 NP_031821 Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 30.9 – 30.9 Mb Chr 7: 127.31 – 127.32 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Tissue distribution

CT-1 is highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle, prostate and ovary and to lower levels in lung, kidney, pancreas, thymus, testis and small intestine. ^[5]

Mode of action

The protein exerts its cellular effects by interacting with the glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor beta (LIFR) heterodimer. In addition, CT-1 activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase) in cardiac myocytes and enhances transcription factor NF-κB DNA -binding activities.

Clinical significance

CT-1 is associated with the pathophysiology of heart diseases, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, and congestive heart failure.