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Cathaica fasciola

Species of gastropod From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Cathaica fasciola is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Camaenidae, which is similar to Cathaica pyrrhozona on shell morphology.[2]

Quick facts Scientific classification, Binomial name ...
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Taxonomy

This species was described under the name Helix fasciola by French naturalist Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud in 1801.[1]

Distribution

This species is widely distributed in China.[3][4]

It is also known from Pliocene of Xifeng Red Clay (4.5 Ma - 3.4 Ma) in the Chinese Loess Plateau.[5] Other localities include Lower Pliocene Red Clay of Shueh-hwa-shan in Hebei Province; Pleistocene Red clay of Fenho, Shanxi Province; near Honanfu in Henan Province; near Tung-ho and in Tsing-ling-shan in Shaanxi Province; near Ta-ho in Gansu Province.[6]

Draparnaud listed "France: La Rochelle" as the type locality.[1][7] This error could happen if Draparnaud did not know origin of imported shells.

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Description

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The shell is thin,[8] but solid.[4] The color of the shell is white, rather opaque, with a broad chestnut-brown band at the periphery, and a faint brownish band below the suture.[4] The shape of the shell is depressed above and below.[4] The spire is low-conoid.[4] The surface is shining, sculptured above with close rib-striae, becoming more delicate below.[4] The shell has 5½ whorls.[8][4] The earliest whorl is smooth, shining, forming a subacute apex.[4] The following whorls are slightly convex, slowly increasing, separated by an impressed suture.[4] The last whorl is much wider, rounded at the periphery, hardly descending in front.[4] The aperture is slightly oblique, lunate-oval.[4] The peristome is white and thickened with a strong white lip.[8][4] The umbilicus is rapidly narrowing to a narrow, deep perforation.[4] The width of umbilicus is one-eighth the greatest diameter.[4]

The width of the shell is 15 mm.[8][4] The height of the shell is 8.5 mm.[4]

Digestive system

The radula and jaw was depicted by George Washington Tryon and Henry Augustus Pilsbry in 1894.[9]

Reproductive system

The penis is slender, ending in a long retractor and the terminal vas deferens.[9] The dart sac is large, opening into the atrium.[9] There is a dense cluster of about ten club-shaped, glandular mucous glands near the atrium base.[9] The spermatheca duct is long.[9]

The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) is 60.[10][11] Seven chromosome pairs are metacentric, one pair is submetacentric and 22 pairs are telocentric.[11]

Ecology

Cathaica fasciola it is often locally abundant.[12] It was thought that Cathaica fasciola belongs to the cold-aridiphilous and meso-xerophilous groups of species in 2006.[5] However it is considered as a typical species of eurytopic group as of 2018.[13] It is one of main species found in Quaternary loess terrestrial gastropod assemblages in China.[13]

Cathaica fasciola is polyphagous and it causes damage to vegetables, fruits, flowers and other economic agricultural crops.[3] The food preference study of Cathaica fasciola was published in 2015.[14]

It hibernates in winter and it aestivates in summer.[3] It produces an epiphragm during the dormancy.[3]

Parasites of Cathaica fasciola include Dicrocoelium trematode.[clarification needed][15]

Predators of snails Cathaica fasciola include Rathouisia leonina (in laboratory conditions only).[16]

Cathaica fasciola is considered as a pest in agriculture.[3] Most affected areas in China include: Beijing municipality, Zhejiang Province, Henan Province, Yunnan Province and Shanxi Province.[3]

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References

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