Decane

For other uses, see Dečane (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Decene or Decyne.

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C₁₀H₂₂. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₈CH₃. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.^[5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene.^[6][7] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.^[8]

Decane

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Decane[1]
Other names Decyl hydride
Identifiers
CAS Number	124-18-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	1696981
ChEBI	CHEBI:41808 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL134537 Y
ChemSpider	14840 Y
DrugBank	DB02826 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.262
EC Number	204-686-4
MeSH	decane
PubChem CID	15600
RTECS number	HD6550000
UNII	NK85062OIY Y
UN number	2247
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6024913
InChI InChI=1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 Y Key: DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES CCCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula	C10H22
Molar mass	142.286 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)
Density	0.730 g mL−1
Melting point	−30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K
Boiling point	173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K
log P	5.802
Vapor pressure	195 Pa[2]
Henry's law constant (kH)	2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−119.74·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity	0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)[3]
Refractive index (nD)	1.411–1.412
Viscosity	0.850 mPa·s (25 °C)[4] 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	315.46 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298)	425.89 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−302.1 – −299.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−6779.21 – −6777.45 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Flammable, moderately toxic
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H226, H302, H304, H305
Precautionary statements	P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 2 0
Flash point	46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K)
Autoignition temperature	210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K)
Explosive limits	0.8–2.6%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	>2 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit) 601 mg/kg−1 (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS)	hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Nonane Undecane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Reactions

Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

2 C₁₀H₂₂ + 31 O₂ → 20 CO₂ + 22 H₂O

With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

It can be manufactured in the laboratory without fossil fuels.^[9]

Physical properties

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m⁻¹.^[10]

See also

• Higher alkanes
• List of isomers of decane