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Demographics of England

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Demographics of England
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The demographics of England have been measured by the decennial national census since 1801, and are marked by centuries of population growth and urbanization. Due to the lack of authoritative contemporary sources, estimates of the population of England for dates prior to the first census in 1801 vary considerably. The population of England at the 2021 census was about 56,489,800.[4]

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Map of population density in England as at the 2011 census
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The non-metropolitan counties and unitary authorities of England in 2020 by total population.
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Population

The population of England in 2021 was estimated to be 56,489,800.[4][5] This is the most recent census.[4] In the previous census, in 2011, the population was 53,012,456.

Data for the 2021 census:

Historical population

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Population of England over time
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Vital statistics

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[15] [16] This is UK wide information.

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(c) = Census results.

In 2024, 34.7% of live births were to mothers born outside the UK and for 40.4% of live births, one or both parents were born outside of the UK.[17]

Current vital statistics

[18]

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Historical per cent distribution of the total population by age

[19]

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Country of birth

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Country of birth given by respondents in the corresponding UK censuses were as follows:

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Map showing the percentage of the population born outside England according to the 2011 census.
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Below are the estimates of the largest foreign-born groups in England according to ONS estimates.

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Population pyramid from 2001 to 2020
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Age

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Population pyramid in 2020

The data below is based on the 2011 census.[28] In 2001, the mean age of England's population was 38.60, and the median age was 37.00. In 2022, the median age was 40.5.[29]

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Ethnicity

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Ethnic demographics of England from 1981 - 2021
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Ethnic makeup of England in single year age groups in 2021
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Notes for table above

  1. Figure accounts for all of Europe apart from Ireland
  2. Used as main option for when no other options are given, for example in 1971. This group contains all for Canada, Australia and New Zealand
  3. Used as a conglomerate for New Commonwealth for when there are no other options as for example in 1971. This group contains all for remenents of the British Empire after 1945 (if not already indicated).
  4. Estimates taken solely from the immigrant population at the time excluding estimates of those that were white from these areas.
  5. Estimates are taken from a combined estimate of the immigrant population (excluding estimates of white people), additional non-white people who may not have been enumerated, and estimates of non-white people born in the UK from parents from shown areas
  6. The number of people who answered the census may not equal the estimated population total at the time due to the fact an estimated 1 million people did not answer the form.
  7. In 2001, listed under the 'Chinese or other ethnic group' heading.

Population distribution

Ethnicity of school pupils

The ethnicity of school pupils in England has been changing since the figures started to be collected in 2002, White British students proportionally have been in decline compared to other groups who have risen.

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Languages

The most common main languages spoken in England according to the 2011 census are shown below.[39]

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Religion

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Religious makeup of England in single year age groups in 2021
Religion in England (2021 census)
  1. Christianity (46.3%)
  2. Not religious (36.7%)
  3. Islam (6.7%)
  4. Not stated (6%)
  5. Other religions (2.5%)
  6. Hinduism (1.8%)

Respondents to the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses gave their religions as follows:

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See also

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Notes

    References

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