Descendants of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Queen Victoria, the British monarch from 1837 to 1901, and Prince Albert (her husband from 1840 until his death in 1861) had 9 children, 42 grandchildren, and 87 great-grandchildren. Victoria was called the "grandmother of Europe".
Queen Victoria with her nine children, six of their spouses, and 23 grandchildren. "Her Majesty Queen Victoria and the members of the royal family", illustration from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, v. 44, no. 1137 (14 July 1877): identification key
Their first grandchild was the future German Emperor Wilhelm II, who was born to their eldest child, Princess Victoria, on 27 January 1859; the youngest was Prince Maurice of Battenberg, born on 3 October 1891 to Princess Beatrice (1857–1944), who was herself the last child born to Victoria and Albert and the last child to die. The last of Victoria and Albert's grandchildren to die (almost exactly 80 years after Queen Victoria herself) was Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (25February 1883 – 3January 1981).
From left to right: Alice, Arthur, Albert, Prince Consort, the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII), Leopold (in front of the Prince of Wales), Louise, the Queen with Beatrice, Alfred, Victoria the Princess Royal and Helena (1857).
Prince Albert, the Prince Consort (26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861), lived long enough to see only one of his children married (Victoria, the Princess Royal) and two of his grandchildren born (Wilhelm II, 1859–1941, and his sister Princess Charlotte of Prussia, 1860–1919), while Queen Victoria (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) lived long enough to see not only all her grandchildren, but many of her 87 great-grandchildren as well. (Three of Victoria's 56 great-grandsons were stillborn, another died shortly after birth, and one of her 31 great-granddaughters was born out of wedlock).
Victoria, the Princess Royal and first child of Victoria and Albert (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901), known as "Vicky", was not only the mother to their first grandchild, Wilhelm II; she was also the first of Victoria and Albert's children to become a grandparent, with the birth in 1879 of Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, who was the daughter of Princess Charlotte (Queen Victoria's first granddaughter). The Princess Royal was also the grandmother of the last of Victoria and Albert's great-granddaughters to die, Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Vicky's fourth daughter, Queen Sophia of Greece.
Queen Victoria's death in January 1901 was preceded by the deaths of three of her children (Princess Alice in December 1878, Prince Leopold in March 1884, and Prince Alfred in July 1900) and soon followed by the Princess Royal's death in August 1901. Aside from the four boys who died as infants, Queen Victoria had survived seven of her grandchildren:
Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Duke Ernest I → Prince Albert
Duke Francis & Countess Augusta → Princess Victoria → Queen Victoria
Another of Victoria's (but not Albert's) grandfathers was King George III, father of Victoria's father, the Duke of Kent, and his brothers, King George IV and King William IV.
More information Ancestors of Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom and Empress of India ...
Queen Victoria, at times, had contentious relations with her children. She had trouble relating to her children when they were young, some of this possibly owing to her isolated childhood.[4] She also, occasionally, resented that they interfered with time that she would prefer to spend with Albert.[5] According to one modern author, both Victoria and Albert weren't above playing favourites with their children, and unfortunately did little to hide their favouritism.[5] Both Vicky and Alfred were the favorites of Albert, and Arthur enjoyed the favouritism of both his parents.[5]
According to one modern author, Victoria was initially jealous of the time that Albert had spent with Vicky, but in her widowhood, Victoria made Vicky something of her confidante,[6] and for her part, Vicky had accrued hundreds of letters from her mother, to the point that shortly before her death, she had them smuggled out of Germany by her brother's secretary, Sir Frederick Ponsonby.[7]
Of her sons, Victoria had the most trouble with her eldest, Albert Edward, and her youngest, Leopold.[6] Among her daughters, Victoria clashed often with Louise.[6] She also had an awkward relationship with her second-eldest daughter, Alice, whom the queen, despite praising her thoughtfulness, also criticised as being too melancholy and self-absorbed.[6] In her widowhood, Victoria expected Beatrice, who was only 4 when her father died, to remain at home with her, and only permitted her to marry on the condition that she and her husband would remain in England.[8]
More information Portrait of Queen Victoria's family in 1846 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter ...
Married 1862 (July 1st), Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1837–1892); 2 sons, 5 daughters (including Alexandra, the last Empress of All the Russias)
The eldest child of Victoria and Albert was Princess Victoria, the Princess Royal, called "Vicky" (1840–1901). On 25 January 1858, she married Prince Frederick Wilhelm of Prussia (1831–1888; Crown Prince from 1861, German Emperor March–June 1888). They had 8 children and 23 grandchildren.
Not only was the Princess Royal the first child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, she also gave them their first grandchild (the future Emperor Wilhelm II, 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) and was the grandmother to both the first of their 87 great-grandchildren to be born, Princess Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen (12 May 1879 – 26 August 1945), daughter of Princess Charlotte, and to the last of their 29 great-granddaughters to die, Princess Katherine of Greece and Denmark (4 May 1913 – 2 October 2007), daughter of Princess Sophie.
Children of the Princess Royal and Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia
The portrait below shows the Princess Royal with her husband Frederick William and with Victoria and Albert's first two grandchildren, the future Kaiser Wilhelm II (1859–1941) and Princess Charlotte (1860–1919), who were the only grandchildren born during Albert's lifetime.
More information Portrait of Crown Princess Victoria's family in 1862 by Franz Xaver Winterhalter ...
Married 1878 (February 18) Bernhard of Saxe-Meiningen, (1851–1928), laterDuke Bernhard III (1914–1918), with issue (1 daughter): Princess Feodora (1879–1945), — Queen Victoria's first great-grandchild.
Modern medical tests revealed that both Charlotte and her daughter suffered from porphyria, which had afflicted Charlotte's great-great-grandfather King George III.[10]
Edward and Alexandra's son, King George V, (reigned 1910–1936) was the father of Kings Edward VIII (reigned 1936) and George VI (1936–1952), and thereby the paternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II (reigned 1952–2022) and her sister Princess Margaret (1930–2002). Elizabeth and Margaret were therefore great-granddaughters of Edward VII and great-great-granddaughters of Queen Victoria.
Queen Victoria → King Edward VII → King George V → King George VI → Queen Elizabeth II → King Charles III
3 sons, 3 daughters (including King George V and Maud, Queen of Norway); 7 grandsons, 3 granddaughters (including British Kings Edward VIII and George VI, and Norwegian King Olav V)
¶ Edward acceded to the throne when his mother Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901. He and Princess Alexandra were crowned King and Queen on 2 August 1902 in Westminster Abbey (London) by Frederick Temple, the Archbishop of Canterbury.
More information Photograph of the Prince of Wales's family in 1885 ...
Photograph of the Prince of Wales's family in 1885
From left to right: Prince George, the Princess and Prince of Wales and Princess Victoria (back row), Princess Maud, Prince Albert Victor and Princess Louise (front row)
Born prematurely at 2:45p.m., and died 24 hours later. He was christened privately by Reverend W. Lake Onslow in the evening after his birth. His christening was attended by the Prince and Princess of Wales, a lady-in-waiting and a doctor who had been at the birth.[citation needed]
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Princess Alice
Princess Alice (1843–1878) married Prince Louis of Hesse (1837–1892), later Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, on 1 July 1862. They had 2 sons (one of whom, "Frittie", Prince Friedrich of Hesse, was a haemophiliac and died from bleeding out after a fall out of his mother's bedroom window), five daughters (one of whom died of diphtheria), and 15 grandchildren (two of whom died at a young age). Prince Ludwig succeeded to the Grand Duchy of Hesse as Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse, and Princess Alice as the Grand Duchess of Hesse, on 13 July 1877.
Princess Alix of Hesse, the youngest surviving child of the Grand Ducal pair, became the last Empress of All the Russias through her marriage to Nicholas II of Russia in 1894. They had five children: four daughters, the Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, and one son, the Tsarevich Alexei, who was a haemophiliac. The Russian Imperial Family was murdered on 17 July 1918 by Bolsheviks. The entire family was canonized by the Russian Orthodox church in 2000.
Queen Victoria → Princess Alice → Princess Alix of Hesse (Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia)
More information Photograph of Princess Alice's family in 1876 ...
Photograph of Princess Alice's family in 1876
From left to right (standing): Princess Elisabeth, the Grand Duke, Princess Marie, Princess Alix, the Grand Duchess and Princess Victoria. Seated: Prince Ernest and Princess Irene
¶ The entire family was killed in July 1918 in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution, as was Alexandra's sister, the Grand Duchess Elisabeth (Princess Elisabeth of Hesse) the following day.
Prince Alfred's daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Marie of Edinburgh became Queen of Romania in 1914 after marrying the future King Ferdinand in 1893.
their daughter (and Victoria's great-granddaughter) Princess Maria was married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (reigned 1921–1934) and the mother of King Peter II (reigned 1934–1945, another great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria)
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → King Carol II → King Michael I
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → Princess Elisabeth of Romania (Queen of the Hellenes)
Queen Victoria → Prince Alfred → Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Queen of Romania) → Princess Marie of Romania (Queen of Yugoslavia) → King Peter II
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The Marriage of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia
Children of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, and Grand Duchess Marie
More information Photograph of the Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Rosenau ...
Photograph of the Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at Rosenau
From left to right (standing): Princess Beatrice, the Duke, Princess Victoria Melita and Princess Alexandra. Seated: The Duchess, the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Marie.
6 February 1899 Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium, Gratsch, Merano (Meran), Austria
Rumoured, but never proven to have married in 1898 Mabel Fitzgerald (with no issue). ¶ Alfred suffered from nervous depression and possibly syphilis. He supposedly attempted suicide by shooting himself with a revolver, and was sent to recover at Schloss (Castle) Friedenstein in Gotha, Germany, before being moved, while still badly wounded, to the Martinnsbrunn Sanatorium in Gratsch near Merano (Meran) in the South Tyrol (Austria, now Italy), where he died; however, this rumor is unproven.
Married 1894 (1) her paternal first cousin, Ernest Louis (1868–1937), Grand Duke of Hesse (1892–1918), the son of her aunt Princess Alice(see above), and had issue (1 stillborn son, 1 daughter): Princess Elisabeth (1895–1903) and an unnamed stillborn son (1900). ¶ The marriage ended in divorce in 1901.
Princess Helena (1846–1923) married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831–1917) in Windsor Castle's private chapel on 5 July 1866. Two sons and two daughters survived childhood; two other sons died within ten days of their birth. Princess Helena and Prince Christian had no legitimate grandchildren and one natural granddaughter who died without having issue of her own. Like other British royal holders of German titles (such as Admiral Louis Battenberg), Princess Helena, Prince Christian, and their two daughters gave up their titles to Schleswig-Holstein in 1917 when the British and German Empires were at war.
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The Marriage of Princess Helena and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein
Succeeded as head of the House of Oldenburg in 1921. Never married, but had a twice-married and childless natural daughter, Valerie Marie zu Schleswig-Holstein (née Schwalb) (1900–1953).
Princess Louise (1848–1939), who married John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll (1845–1914) in 1871, was the only one of Victoria's nine children who was childless. She was the first British monarch's child since 1515 to marry a subject rather than someone of royal blood.
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The Marriage of Princess Louise and John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
In March 1911, the Duke of Connaught's nephew, George V (son of the Duke's recently deceased brother Edward VII), appointed his paternal uncle to represent him as Governor General of Canada. He thus became the first, and so far only, Governor General of Canada to be of the Blood Royal, although he had been preceded in this office from 1878 to 1883 by the Marquess of Lorne, the non-royal husband of his sister Princess Louise (see above). [George V's son, the Duke of Gloucester, was later Governor-General of Australia, and the Duke of Connaught's son was later Governor-General of South Africa. See above and below.]
Prince Arthur's elder daughter (and Queen Victoria's granddaughter) Princess Margaret of Connaught became Crown Princess of Sweden in 1907 after marrying the future Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1905 (however, Margaret died before Gustav became king).
Princess Margaret and Prince Gustav Adolf's grandson (and the great-great-grandson of Victoria) Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is the current monarch of Sweden having reigned from 1973. He is the youngest child and only son of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten.
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten → King Carl XVI Gustaf
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Princess Ingrid of Sweden → Queen Margrethe II of Denmark → King Frederik X of Denmark
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Princess Ingrid of Sweden → Queen Anne Marie of Greece
Queen Victoria → Prince Arthur → Princess Margaret of Connaught → Count Carl Johan Bernadotte
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The Marriage of Arthur, Duke of Connaught, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia
6 grandsons, 1 granddaughter (including Queen Ingrid of Denmark and Count Carl Johan Bernadotte, the last great-grandchild of Queen Victoria to die)
¶ The Duke of Connaught was made a Field Marshal in 1902 and served as Governor General of Canada (representing his nephew George V) from 1911 to 1916.
Married 1913 Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891–1959), granddaughter of Edward VII (her husband's uncle) and thus Arthur's first cousin once removed, (see above) having issue (1 son): Prince Alastair (1914–1943), later 2nd Duke of Connaught and Strathearn. ¶ Prince Arthur became the third Governor General of South Africa in November 1920, and was succeeded in January 1924 by Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone, husband of his cousin, Princess Alice of Albany(see below).
Married 1919 the Honourable Alexander Ramsay (1881–1972) and had issue (1 son): Alexander Ramsay of Mar (1919–2000). ¶ Princess Patricia relinquished her title of Princess and style of Her Royal Highness upon her marriage and was known as Lady Patricia Ramsay. (However, she kept her place in line of succession).
His daughter, Princess Alice of Albany, married Prince Alexander of Teck, the younger brother of Queen Mary, in February 1904 and became Countess of Athlone when her husband was created Earl of Athlone in June 1917. She has, so far, been the longest-lived Princess of the Blood Royal of Britain and was the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria.
Prince Charles Edward, Prince Leopold's posthumous son, succeeded him at birth as the 2nd Duke of Albany. In 1900, Charles Edward succeeded his paternal uncle, Alfred, as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, but was forced to abdicate his ducal throne during the German Revolution of 1918, later gaining high positions in and through the Nazi movement. Because of his support for Germany in World War I, he lost his English knighthood in the Order of the Garter in 1915 and his British royal titles, peerages and honours in 1919. He is the grandfather of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden through his elder daughter, Princess Sibylla.
Queen Victoria → Prince Leopold → Prince Charles Edward → Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha → King Carl XVI Gustaf
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The Marriage of Leopold, Duke of Albany, and Princess Helen of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Due to anti-German feeling during the First World War, the members of the Battenberg family who were British citizens relinquished their titles of Prince and Princess of Battenberg and the styles of Highness and Serene Highness. Under Royal Warrant, they instead took the surname Mountbatten, an Anglicised form of Battenberg.
Both Prince Henry and his youngest son Prince Maurice (the lastborn of Victoria's grandchildren) died on active military service, the father from malaria contracted during the Ashanti War and the son in battle on the Western Front of World War I.
More information Name, Birth ...
The Marriage of Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg
As with his elder brother, he relinquished his title of Prince of Battenberg and the style His Highness and became Sir Leopold Mountbatten, by virtue of his being a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order. Under a further Royal Warrant, in September 1917, he was granted the style and precedence of the younger son of a Marquess, and became Lord Leopold Mountbatten. He suffered from haemophilia; died unmarried and without issue during a hip operation.
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