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Erivan uezd
County of the Russian Empire From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Erivan uezd (Russian: Ереванский уезд; Armenian: Երեւանի գավառ, Yerevani gavarr) was an administrative county of the Erivan Governorate within the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Etchmiadzin and Surmalu uezds to the west, Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, Sharur-Daralayaz to the south, and Persia (modern-day Iran) to the southwest. The administrative center was the city of Erivan (modern-day Yerevan, the capital of Armenia). [1]
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The uezd was predominantly populated by ethnic Armenians, the vast majority of whom were adherents of the Armenian Apostolic Church. According to Russian imperial censuses, Armenians constituted the majority of the rural and urban population, particularly in and around Erivan. The region played a central role in Armenian cultural and political life during the late imperial period.
Geographically, the territory of the Erivan uezd roughly corresponds to present-day Ararat Province and parts of southern Kotayk Province in central Armenia. It did not include regions such as Sadarak (now part of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan) or Aralık (in Iğdır Province, Turkey), which historically belonged to the neighboring Sharur-Daralayaz and Surmalu uezds, respectively.
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Economy
The population was engaged primarily in agricultural farming, gardening, and winemaking. Approximately 50% of the wine in the Erivan Governorate was produced in the Erivan uezd. According to statistical data, there were 129,120 great cattle in the uezd, which made up 11% of the cattle in the whole governorate.[2]
Geography
The northeastern part of the uezd was mountainous and rocky while the southwestern part consisted of steppes and plains. The southwestern part was watered by the Aras River with the lowest altitude of 2,667 ft (813 m) on the border with Sharur-Daralayaz uezd. The administrative center Erivan laid at 3,200 ft (980 m) above sea level, which was the highest point of the uezd. Among the rivers discharging into the Aras were the Zanga, the Garni-chay, and the Vedi-chay, which usually dried out during the summers and became active in the winters.[2]
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History
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The territory of the uezd had been a part of Persia's Erivan Khanate until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, it was annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840.[3] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Erivan uezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate.[4]
In 1918, the uezd became a part of the First Republic of Armenia, partially being occupied by the Ottoman army through much of 1918 as a result of the Treaty of Batum until its reincorporation into Armenian administration in the December of 1918.[5] Many of the Azerbaijanis in the southern rural portions of the uezd, particularly in centers including Böyük Vedi (Vedi), Davalu (Ararat) and Ulukhanlu–Zangibasar (Masis) after being prompted by Kemalist Turkish agents engaged in rebellion against the Armenian government, hostilities lasting from July 1919 until the Sovietization of Armenia.
After the establishment of Soviet power on 3 December 1920, most of the uezd formed part of the Armenian SSR, the center Erivan (Yerevan) serving as the new government's capital.[6] The southernmost parts of the uezd corresponding to the locality of Sadarak became the northernmost section of the new Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR and the outer southwestern strip of the uezd, corresponding to the Aras corridor on the west bank of the Aras river, was ceded to Turkey in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars.[7][8]
Administrative divisions
The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Erivan uezd in 1913 were as follows:[9]
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Demographics
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Russian Empire Census
According to the Russian Empire Census, the Erivan uezd had a population of 150,879 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 82,899 men and 67,980 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar[a] to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Kurdish speaking minorities.[12]
Kavkazskiy kalendar
According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Erivan uezd had a population of 205,617 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 108,228 men and 97,389 women, 157,100 of whom were the permanent population, and 48,517 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated an overwhelmingly Armenian population in the capital Erivan, with a significant Shia Muslim population, conversely, in the rural peripheries of the district, the population had a Shia Muslim plurality with a significant Armenian minority:[13]
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Settlements
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According to the 1897 census, there were 82 settlements in the Erivan uezd with a population over 500 inhabitants. The religious composition of the settlements was as follows:[15]
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Notes
- Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[10][11]
- Primarily Tatars.[14]
- Primarily Turco-Tatars.[14]
References
Bibliography
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