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FAM86B1
Protein found in most eukaryotes From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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FAM86B1 is a protein, which in humans is encoded by the FAM86B1 gene. FAM86B1 is an essential gene in humans.[11] The protein contains two domains: FAM86, and AdoMet-MTase.
FAM86B1 homologs are found in most eukaryotes, from mammals to plants such as wild soybean.
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Gene
FAM86B1 in the human genome is located at 8p23.1, spanning about 12,000 base pairs. FAM86B1 contains 9 exons.[12]
8p23.1 is the location of one of the largest and most common genetic inversions in humans.[13] FAM86B1 is upregulated in inv-8p23.1.[14] In the non-inverted allele 8p23.1, FAM86B1 is on the negative strand.[15] In the allele inv-8p23.1, FAM86B1 is on the positive strand.[16]
Production
In humans, there are 20 alternative splicings of FAM86B1, and 19 mRNA transcripts. In humans, FAM86B1 is expressed ubiquitously,[17] and most strongly in brain tissues and the pituitary gland.[18]
Protein
The human FAM86B1 protein contains two domains, FAM86 and AdoMet-MTase, making FAM86B1 a member of these two protein families.[19] The human FAM86B1 gene encodes 13 protein isoforms. FAM86B1 is a non-classically secreted protein, targeted to the peroxisome by a C-terminus signal.[20]
FAM86B1 interacts with ubiquitin-C[21] and FAM86C1.[22]
Evolution
FAM86B1 homologs are seen in most eukaryotes, but are not found in distant plants, such as green algae. Wild soybean is the most distant species from humans with a FAM86B1 homolog.
FAM86B1 in humans is paralogous with other FAM86 protein-coding genes.
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Clinical significance
Cancer
Alternative splicings of FAM86B1 are associated with decreased relapse in rectal cancer[23] and surviving longer in glioblastoma.[24] In bladder urothelial carcinoma, a differing FAM86B1 expression pattern compared to noncancer controls is associated with surviving longer.[25] In glioma, lower survival rates are associated with downregulation of FAM86B1.[26] Loss of FAM86B1 expression is associated with uterine carcinosarcoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, and bladder urothelial carcinoma.[27]
Infection
Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis is associated with downregulation of FAM86B1.[28] Enterovirus-71, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, binds to FAM86B1.[29] FAM86B1 is upregulated after exposure to the infection agent of Candida albicans.[30]
Inflammation
FAM86B1 is upregulated after exposure to oS100A4, a potential trigger of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.[30] FAM86B1 is downregulated after remote ischemic preconditioning, which inhibits inflammation regulation.[31]
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References
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