FASTKD5

FAST kinase domain-containing protein 5 (FASTKD5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FASTKD5 gene on chromosome 20.^[5][6] This protein is part of the FASTKD family, which is known for regulating the energy balance of mitochondria under stress.^[7][8] FASTKD5 is also required for RNA granules to process precursor mRNAs not flanked by tRNAs.^[9]

FASTKD5
Identifiers
Aliases	FASTKD5, dJ1187M17.5, FAST kinase domains 5
External IDs	OMIM: 614272; MGI: 2139469; HomoloGene: 36400; GeneCards: FASTKD5; OMA:FASTKD5 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 20 (human)[1] Band 20p13 Start 3,146,519 bp[1] End 3,159,865 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2|2 F1 Start 130,455,760 bp[2] End 130,471,947 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gastrocnemius muscle muscle of thigh deltoid muscle islet of Langerhans left ventricle white blood cell monocyte right adrenal cortex biceps brachii left adrenal gland Top expressed in otic placode saccule otic vesicle primary oocyte condyle Paneth cell abdominal wall fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell medial ganglionic eminence substantia nigra More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein kinase activity rRNA binding protein binding RNA binding Cellular component ribonucleoprotein granule mitochondrial nucleoid mitochondrion Biological process cellular respiration protein phosphorylation mRNA processing mitochondrial RNA processing Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 60493 380601 Ensembl ENSG00000215251 ENSMUSG00000079043 UniProt Q7L8L6 Q7TMV3 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_021826 NM_001146084 NM_198176 NM_001377124 NM_001377125 RefSeq (protein) NP_068598 NP_001139556 NP_937819 NP_001364053 NP_001364054 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 3.15 – 3.16 Mb Chr 2: 130.46 – 130.47 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Structure

FASTKD5 shares structural characteristics of the FASTKD family, including an amino terminal mitochondrial targeting domain and three C-terminal domains: two FAST kinase-like domains (FAST_1 and FAST_2) and a RNA-binding domain (RAP).^[7][8] The mitochondrial targeting domain directs FASTKD5 to be imported into the mitochondria. Though the functions of the C-terminal domains are unknown, RAP possibly binds RNA during trans-splicing.^[7] This protein forms a 103 kDa protein complex with unidentified proteins.^[9]

Function

As a member of the FASTKD family, FASTKD5 localizes to the mitochondria to modulate their energy balance, especially under conditions of stress. Though ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, FASTKD5 appears more abundantly in skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and other tissues enriched in mitochondria.^[7] FASTKD5 also localizes to RNA granules, membraneless bodies containing mRNAs and associated RNA-binding proteins, where it facilitates posttranscriptional RNA processing. This protein is required for the maturation of precursor mRNAs that are not flanked by tRNAs, and thus cannot be processed by the canonical mRNA maturation pathway.^[9]

Clinical significance

Though the link to FASTKD5 remains uncharacterized, the accumulation of abnormal RNA granules can lead to some neurodegenerative diseases.^[9]

Interactions

FASTKD5 has been shown to interact with:

• FASTKD2,^[9]
• DHX30,^[9] and
• GRSF1.^[9]