FSTL1

Follistatin-related protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FSTL1 gene.^[5][6][7]

FSTL1
Identifiers
Aliases	FSTL1, FRP, FSL1, MIR198, follistatin like 1, OCC-1, OCC1, tsc36
External IDs	OMIM: 605547; MGI: 102793; HomoloGene: 5144; GeneCards: FSTL1; OMA:FSTL1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)[1] Band 3q13.33 Start 120,392,293 bp[1] End 120,450,993 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 16 (mouse)[2] Band 16 B3|16 26.48 cM Start 37,597,235 bp[2] End 37,656,876 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in stromal cell of endometrium Achilles tendon smooth muscle tissue gallbladder epithelium of colon thoracic aorta ascending aorta right coronary artery Descending thoracic aorta left coronary artery Top expressed in dermis ascending aorta vestibular sensory epithelium epithelium of lens semi-lunar valve vas deferens aortic valve efferent ductule tunica media of zone of aorta gastrula More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding calcium ion binding heparin binding Cellular component extracellular region extracellular exosome extracellular space endoplasmic reticulum lumen Biological process response to starvation BMP signaling pathway post-translational protein modification Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 11167 14314 Ensembl ENSG00000163430 ENSMUSG00000022816 UniProt Q12841 Q62356 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_007085 NM_008047 RefSeq (protein) NP_009016 NP_032073 Location (UCSC) Chr 3: 120.39 – 120.45 Mb Chr 16: 37.6 – 37.66 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Structure

This gene encodes a protein with similarity to follistatin, an BMP-4-binding protein.^[8] It binds to BMP-4 and TGF-β1, but not Activin A.^[8] It contains an FS module (a follistatin-like sequence containing 10 conserved cysteine residues), a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor domain, 2 EF hand domains, and a Von Willebrand factor type C domain.^[7]

Clinical significance

Development

FSTL1 has a role in development,^[9][10] such as lung development,^[8][11] ureter development,^[12] central nervous system development,^[13] and skeletal development.^[11]

Arthritis

This gene product is thought to be an autoantigen associated with rheumatoid arthritis.^[7]

FSTL1 up-regulates proinflammatory mediators important in the pathology of arthritis, and serum levels of FSTL1 correlate with severity of arthritis.^[14][15][16]

Cardiovascular diseases

FSTL1 protein seems to have a cardioprotective role. FSTL1 attenuated hypertrophy following pressure overload^[17] and prevented myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a mouse or pig model of ischemia/reperfusion.^[18] Muscle-derived Fstl1 modulates vascular remodelling in response to injury.^[19]

FSTL1 has been shown to have a pronounced ability as a possible therapeutic to stimulate regeneration following myocardial infarction. Treating experimental animals (mouse and pig) with FSTL1 after myocardial infarction progressively restored heart function, at least in part by stimulating replication of normally non-dividing heart muscle cells^[20]