1st millennium

The first millennium of the anno Domini or Common Era was a millennium spanning the years 1 to 1000 (1st to 10th centuries; in astronomy: JD 1721425.5 – 2086667.5^[1]). The world population rose more slowly than during the preceding millennium, from about 200 million in the year 1 to about 300 million in the year 1000.^[2]

In Western Eurasia (Europe and Near East), the first millennium was a time of great transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages. The 1st century saw the peak of the Roman Empire, followed by its gradual decline during the period of Late Antiquity, the rise of Christianity and the Great Migrations. The second half of the millennium is characterized as the Early Middle Ages in Europe, and marked by the Viking expansion in the west, and the continuation of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) in the east.

In East Asia, the first millennium was also a time of great cultural advances, notably the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. In China, the Han dynasty is replaced by the Jin dynasty and later the Tang dynasty until the 10th century sees renewed fragmentation in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. In Japan, a sharp increase in population followed when farmers' use of iron tools increased their productivity and crop yields. The Yamato court was established. The North Indian subcontinent was divided among numerous kingdoms throughout the first millennium, until the formation of the Gupta Empire. Islam expanded rapidly from Arabia to western Asia, India, North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, culminating in the Islamic Golden Age (700–1200).

In Mesoamerica, the first millennium was a period of enormous growth known as the Classic Era (200–900). Teotihuacan grew into a metropolis and its empire dominated Mesoamerica. In South America, pre-Incan, coastal cultures flourished, producing impressive metalwork and some of the finest pottery seen in the ancient world. In North America, the Mississippian culture rose at the end of the millennium in the Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Numerous cities were built; Cahokia, the largest, was based in present-day Illinois. The construction of Monks Mound at Cahokia was begun in 900–950.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, the Bantu expansion reaches Southern Africa by about the 5th century. The trans-Saharan slave trade spans the Sahara and the Swahili coast by the 9th century.

[1]

[2]

	Africa	Americas	Asia	Europe	Oceania
1st century	AD 70 Amanikhatashan sends Kushite cavalry to aid Roman Emperor in Jerusalem revolt^[4] AD 100 Rise of the Kingdom of Aksum AD 100 Khoekhoe reach southern coast of Africa^[5]	AD 1 Cahuachi established^[6] AD 50 Pyramid of the Sun began^[6]	AD 25 Han dynasty reestablished under Guangwu AD 33 Christianity begins AD 70 Jewish diaspora	AD 9 Rhine established as boundary between Rome and Germany^[7] AD 47 Londinium founded AD 58 Alpes Cottiae becomes a Roman province^[7] AD 79 Pompeii destroyed	AD 1 Caroline Islands colonized^[8]
2nd century	150 Rhapta, hint of pre-Swahili, Periplus of the Erythraean Sea 200 Bantu reach east Africa^[9] 200 Nok culture ends	150 Cahuachi becomes dominant ceremonial site in southern Peru^[6]	184 Yellow Turban Rebellion	106 Dacia becomes a Roman province^[7] 166 Siege of Aquileia^[7] 180 End of the Macromannic Wars^[7]
3rd century	212 Egyptians granted Roman citizenship^[9] 230 Aksum wars with Himyar and Saba alliance 300 Aksum prints own coins	250 Rise of Laguna de los Cerros 292 Stela 29 inscribed^[6] 300 Tikàl conquers El Mirador^[6]	208 Battle of Red Cliffs during the decline of the Han dynasty 280 Jin reunifies China	212 Roman citizenship extended to all free people in the empire^[7] 214 Hispania divided into Gallaecia, Tarraconensis, Baetica and Lusitania^[7] 286 Diocletian divides the empire East and West^[7]	300 Eastern Polynesian culture develops^[10]
4th century	333 Aksum converts to Christianity 350 Meroe comes to an end ^[9] 350 King of Anwar, Kaja Maja	378 Teotihuacan conquers Waka, Tikal, and Uaxactun, the beginning of its conquest of the Maya^[11]	319 Rise of Gupta Empire in South Asia 383 Battle of Fei River 393 Last Olympic Games	313 Edict of Milan^[7] 370 Huns invade Eastern Europe^[7] 396 Alaric and the Visigoths invade Greece^[7]
5th century	401 c. camel main transport for trans-Sahara 429 Vandal invasion^[9] 500 Nubia split into Nobadia, Makuria, Alodia		420 Northern and Southern dynasties period begins	407 Vandals enter Iberia^[12] 421 Romans defeat Persians^[12] 476 Fall of the Western Roman Empire^[12]	500 Settlement of Hawaii, Easter Island, Society Islands, Tuamotus and Mangareva^[10]
6th century	520 Kaleb attacks Yemen 533 Belisarius invades Africa^[9] 540 Nubia converts to monophysite Christianity	600 Wari' conquer Peru^[13] 600 Construction of Palenque^[6]	538 Buddhism introduced in Japan. 570 Birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad	507 Battle of Vouillé^[12] 535 Byzantine army invades Italy^[12] 585 Visigoths conquer Suevi kingdom^[12]
7th century	641 Muslims invade Africa^[14] 690 Za dynasty founded 697 Carthage destroyed^[14]	650 Settlement of Xochitecatl and Cacaxtla^[13] 700 Teotihuacan destroyed^[13]	618 Tang dynasty established 632 Rise of Islam 651 Islamic conquest of Persia	c.680 First Bulgarian Empire is founded	700 Settlement of the Cook Islands^[10]
8th century	702 Aksum attacks Arabia^[14] 706 Arabic in Egypt^[14] 789 Independent Morocco^[14]	738 Quiriguá becomes independent of Copan 750 Sacred Cenote built at Chichén Itzá^[13] 780 Murals at Bonampak abandoned^[13]	738 Caliphate campaigns in India and invasion of India by Umayyad Caliphate is averted 755 An Shi Rebellion	717 Siege of Constantinople 718 Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula c.722 Reconquista begins
9th century	801 c. Kanem Empire founded 801c. Aksum declines, capital moved to interior 900c. Igbo-Ukwu founded^[15]	c.830 Classic Maya collapse	835 Ganlu Incident	872 Battle of Hafrsfjord helped unified Norway^[16] c.874 Settlement of Iceland 896 Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
10th century	905 Tulunids ejected^[17]^[14] 909 Fatimid established^[14] 969 Fustat captured^[14]	950 Great Serpent Mound constructed^[13] 990 Toltecs conquer Chichen Itza	907 Political upheaval of the Five Dynasties begins 960 Song dynasty established	958 Denmark unites 985 Erik the Red founds colony in Greenland	AD 1000 Polynesians build stone temples^[10]

1st century	0s	10s	20s	30s	40s	50s	60s	70s	80s	90s
2nd century	100s	110s	120s	130s	140s	150s	160s	170s	180s	190s
3rd century	200s	210s	220s	230s	240s	250s	260s	270s	280s	290s
4th century	300s	310s	320s	330s	340s	350s	360s	370s	380s	390s
5th century	400s	410s	420s	430s	440s	450s	460s	470s	480s	490s
6th century	500s	510s	520s	530s	540s	550s	560s	570s	580s	590s
7th century	600s	610s	620s	630s	640s	650s	660s	670s	680s	690s
8th century	700s	710s	720s	730s	740s	750s	760s	770s	780s	790s
9th century	800s	810s	820s	830s	840s	850s	860s	870s	880s	890s
10th century	900s	910s	920s	930s	940s	950s	960s	970s	980s	990s

1st millennium

Civilizations, kingdoms and dynasties

Events

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Centuries and decades

References

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