G-module

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G-module

In mathematics, given a group G, a G-module is an abelian group M on which G acts compatibly with the abelian group structure on M. This widely applicable notion generalizes that of a representation of G. Group (co)homology provides an important set of tools for studying general G-modules.

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The torus can be made an abelian group isomorphic to the product of the circle group. This abelian group is a Klein four-group-module, where the group acts by reflection in each of the coordinate directions (here depicted by red and blue arrows intersecting at the identity element).

The term G-module is also used for the more general notion of an R-module on which G acts linearly (i.e. as a group of R-module automorphisms).

Definition and basics

Let be a group. A left -module consists of[1] an abelian group together with a left group action such that

for all and in and all in , where denotes . A right -module is defined similarly. Given a left -module , it can be turned into a right -module by defining .

A function is called a morphism of -modules (or a -linear map, or a -homomorphism) if is both a group homomorphism and -equivariant.

The collection of left (respectively right) -modules and their morphisms form an abelian category (resp. ). The category (resp. ) can be identified with the category of left (resp. right) -modules, i.e. with the modules over the group ring .

A submodule of a -module is a subgroup that is stable under the action of , i.e. for all and . Given a submodule of , the quotient module is the quotient group with action .

Examples

  • Given a group , the abelian group is a -module with the trivial action .
  • Let be the set of binary quadratic forms with integers, and let (the 2×2 special linear group over ). Define
where
and is matrix multiplication. Then is a -module studied by Gauss.[2] Indeed, we have
  • If is a representation of over a field , then is a -module (it is an abelian group under addition).

Topological groups

If is a topological group and is an abelian topological group, then a topological G-module is a G-module where the action map is continuous (where the product topology is taken on ).[3]

In other words, a topological G-module is an abelian topological group together with a continuous map satisfying the usual relations , , and .

Notes

References

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