GLS2

Glutaminase 2 (liver, mitochondrial) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GLS2 gene.^[5]

GLS2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4BQM
Identifiers
Aliases	GLS2, GA, GLS, LGA, hLGA, glutaminase 2
External IDs	OMIM: 606365; MGI: 2143539; HomoloGene: 40861; GeneCards: GLS2; OMA:GLS2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q13.3 Start 56,470,944 bp[1] End 56,488,414 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10|10 D3 Start 128,030,326 bp[2] End 128,045,873 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right lobe of liver cerebellar hemisphere right hemisphere of cerebellum body of pancreas right frontal lobe oocyte primary visual cortex testicle Brodmann area 9 middle temporal gyrus Top expressed in left lobe of liver lumbar subsegment of spinal cord visual cortex cerebellar cortex anterior horn of spinal cord primary visual cortex facial motor nucleus superior frontal gyrus embryo neural layer of retina More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function hydrolase activity protein binding glutaminase activity Cellular component mitochondrial matrix mitochondrion Biological process regulation of apoptotic process glutamate secretion cellular amino acid metabolic process glutamine metabolic process cellular amino acid biosynthetic process glutamate biosynthetic process glutamine catabolic process reactive oxygen species metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 27165 216456 Ensembl ENSG00000135423 ENSMUSG00000044005 UniProt Q9UI32 Q571F8 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001280796 NM_001280797 NM_001280798 NM_013267 NM_138566 NM_001033264 NM_001285777 NM_001285779 RefSeq (protein) NP_001267725 NP_001267726 NP_001267727 NP_037399 NP_001028436 NP_001272706 NP_001272708 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 56.47 – 56.49 Mb Chr 10: 128.03 – 128.05 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Structure

The GLS2 gene is on the 12th chromosome in humans, with its specific location being 12q13.3. It contains 19 exons.^[5]

Function

GLS2 is a part of the glutaminase family. The protein encoded by this gene is a mitochondrial phosphate-activated glutaminase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to stoichiometric amounts of glutamate and ammonia. Originally thought to be liver-specific, this protein has been found in other tissues as well. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different isoforms.

Clinical significance

GLS2 has interesting molecular relationships with tumor progression and cancer. Glutaminase 2 negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling and shows tumor suppression activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma.^[6] Additionally, silencing of GLS and overexpression of GLS2 genes cooperate in decreasing the proliferation and viability of glioblastoma cells.^[7]