GPRC5A

Retinoic acid-induced protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPRC5A gene.^[5][6] This gene and its encoded mRNA was first identified as a phorbol ester-induced gene, and named Phorbol Ester Induced Gen 1 (PEIG-1);^[7] two years later it was rediscovered as a retinoic acid-inducible gene, and named Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene 1 (RAIG1).^[5] Its encoded protein was later named Retinoic acid-induced protein 3.

GPRC5A
Identifiers
Aliases	GPRC5A, GPCR5A, RAI3, RAIG1, PEIG-1, TIG1, G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A
External IDs	OMIM: 604138; MGI: 1891250; HomoloGene: 2961; GeneCards: GPRC5A; OMA:GPRC5A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12p13.1 Start 12,891,559 bp[1] End 12,917,937 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 6 (mouse)[2] Band 6|6 G1 Start 135,042,649 bp[2] End 135,061,707 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in amniotic fluid lower lobe of lung mucosa of sigmoid colon right lung upper lobe of lung upper lobe of left lung mucosa of urinary bladder visceral pleura cartilage tissue rectum Top expressed in right lung lobe left lung lobe large intestine colon epithelium of stomach left colon blastocyst tail of embryo renal calyx morula More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity protein binding signal transducer activity cadherin binding protein kinase activator activity Cellular component integral component of membrane plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle membrane intracellular membrane-bounded organelle membrane cytoplasmic vesicle vesicle nucleolus receptor complex Biological process negative regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway signal transduction activation of protein kinase activity Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9052 232431 Ensembl ENSG00000013588 ENSMUSG00000046733 UniProt Q8NFJ5 Q8BHL4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003979 NM_181444 RefSeq (protein) NP_003970 NP_852109 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 12.89 – 12.92 Mb Chr 6: 135.04 – 135.06 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

This gene encodes a member of the type 3 G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by the signature 7-transmembrane domain motif. The encoded protein may be involved in interaction between retinoic acid and G protein signalling pathways. Retinoic acid plays a critical role in development, cellular growth, and differentiation. This gene may play a role in embryonic development and epithelial cell differentiation.^[6] Tryptamine and other indole related chemicals produced by gut microflora bind and activate the receptor.^[8]

Post transcriptional regulation

GPRC5A is one of only a handful of genes known in the literature that are post-transcriptionally controlled by miRNAs through their 5'UTR.^[9]

Clinical significance

GPRC5A is dysregulated in many human cancers and in other diseases.^[10]

See also

• Retinoic acid-inducible orphan G protein-coupled receptor