GSTA4

Glutathione S-transferase A4, also known as GSTA4, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the GSTA4 gene.^[3][4][5]

GSTA4
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GUL, 1GUM, 3IK7
Identifiers
Aliases	GSTA4, GSTA4-4, GTA4, glutathione S-transferase alpha 4
External IDs	OMIM: 605450; HomoloGene: 55585; GeneCards: GSTA4; OMA:GSTA4 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 6 (human)[1] Band 6p12.2 Start 52,977,948 bp[1] End 52,995,304 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right adrenal gland right adrenal cortex left adrenal gland left adrenal cortex ganglionic eminence vulva skin of thigh human penis cerebellar hemisphere right hemisphere of cerebellum n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transferase activity glutathione transferase activity protein binding protein homodimerization activity identical protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol Biological process metabolism glutathione derivative biosynthetic process glutathione metabolic process xenobiotic metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2941 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000170899 n/a UniProt O15217 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001512 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001503 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 52.98 – 53 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-transferase belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, which are located in a cluster on chromosome 6, are highly related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity that function in the detoxification of lipid peroxidation products.^[3]

GSTA4 shows very high activity with reactive carbonyl compounds such as alk-2-enals.^[4] GSTA4 is highly effective in catalyzing the conjugate addition of reduced glutathione to 4-hydroxynonenal, an important product of peroxidative degradation of arachidonic acid and a commonly used biomarker for oxidative damage in tissue.^[5]

Clinical significance

Reactive electrophiles produced by oxidative metabolism have been linked to a number of degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataract formation, and atherosclerosis hence reduced expression of the GSTA4 enzyme may have pathophysiological consequences.^[3] The expression of this gene is decreased drastically among burn and trauma victims.^{[citation needed]}