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Gaf
Letter used to represent the /ɡ/ sound in Persian alphabet. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Gaf (Persian: گاف; gāf), is the name of different Perso-Arabic letters, all representing /ɡ/. They are all derived from the letter kāf, with additional diacritics, such as dots and lines. In name and shape, it is a variant of kaf. It is also one of the five letters the Persian alphabet added to the Arabic alphabet (the others being ژ, پ, and چ in addition to the obsolete ڤ). Its numerical value is 5000 (see Abjad numerals). There are four forms, each used in different alphabets:
- گ in the Persian alphabet, Tausug written in Arabic Script
- ݢ in the Jawi script
- ࢴ/ڮ in the Pegon script
- ګ in Pashto
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Use in Arabic
A non-standard letter to the Arabic alphabet; Gāf (گ) has been traditionally used in Iraq and parts of the Levant for /g/. In Morocco, a similar letter (ݣ) is used. while in other Arabic-speaking countries other letters are used, such as ڨ in Tunisia and Algeria, and any of the standard letters ج, غ, or ق in the other countries.
Variant forms
Summarize
Perspective
Kaf with line
The most common form of gāf (گ) is based on kāf with an additional line. It is rarely used in Standard Arabic itself but is used to represent the sound /ɡ/ when writing other languages.
When representing this sound in transliteration of Persian into Hebrew, it is written as כ׳ kaph and a geresh.
It is frequently used in Persian, Pashto, Uyghur, Urdu and Kurdish, and is one of four Perso-Arabic letters not found in Arabic. It is also commonly used in Mesopotamian Arabic.[1]
Kaf with ring
In Pashto, this letter is used for /ɡ/.
Kaf with single dot above
This gāf (ݢ) is derived from a variant form of kāf (ک), with the addition of a dot. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Jawi script to represent /ɡ/.
Unicode includes two forms on this letter: one based on the standard Arabic kāf (ك), and one based on the variant form (ک). The latter is the preferred form.[2]
Kaf with three dots below
This letter (ڮ) is derived from a form of kāf (ك), with the addition of three dots below.
Gaf with inverted stroke
In Chechen, Kabardian, and Adyghe, the Arabic character ࢰ is used to spell /kʼ/ or /t͡ʃʼ/. In Chechen, ⟨گ⟩ is alternatively used as well.
Kaf with a dot below
This letter (ࢴ) is derived from a form of kāf (ك), with the addition of three a dot below. It is not used in the Arabic language itself, but is used in the Arwi alphabet for the Tamil language and the Pegon script for Indonesian languages to represent /ɡ/.[3][4]
Kaf with three dots
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The letter ڭ is used in Berber and Moroccan Arabic to represent /ɡ/.[5] Examples of its use include city names (e.g., Agadir: أݣادير) and family names (e.g., El Guerrouj: الݣروج). The preferred form is ڭ.
It was also used in Ottoman Turkish for /ŋ/. Both forms are based on variant forms of kāf (ك/ک), with the addition of three dots. The preferred form is ݣ.
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Character encoding
See also
References
External links
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