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Gutian dialect
Eastern Min Chinese dialect From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Gutian dialect (Eastern Min: 古田話) is a dialect of Eastern Min spoken in Gutian, Ningde in northeastern Fujian province, China.
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Phonology
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The Gutian dialect has 15 initials, 52 rimes and 7 tones.
Initials
Rimes
a 嘉 | ɛ 西 | œ 初 | o 歌 |
i 之 | u 孤 | y 須 | |
ai 開 | oi 催 | au 郊 | ɛu 抖 |
ia 遮 | ie 批 | iu 秋 | iau 燒 |
ua 花 | uo 過 | uai 歪 | ui 輝 |
uɔi 杯 | yø 橋 | ||
aɳ 山 | iɳ 賓 | uɳ 春 | yŋ 銀 |
iaŋ 聲 | ieŋ 天 | uaŋ 歡 | uoŋ 元 |
yøŋ 香 | eiŋ 燈 | ouŋ 郎 | øyŋ 東 |
ak 答 | ik 必 | uk 不 | yk 竹 |
iak 揭 | iek 哲 | uak 撥 | uok 拙 |
yøk 箬 | eik 八 | ouk 駁 | øyk 北 |
aʔ 拍 | œʔ 嗝 | oʔ 桌 | iaʔ 壁 |
uaʔ 劃 | uoʔ 剝 | yøʔ 藥 | |
Tones
Initial assimilation
The two-syllable initial assimilation rules are shown in the table below:
Tone sandhi
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
dark level 55 |
light level 33 |
rising 42 |
dark departing 21 |
light departing 324 |
dark entering 2 |
light entering 5 | |
dark level 55 |
21+55 | 21+33 | 21+42 | 24+21 | 24+544 | 24+2 | 21+5 |
light level 33 |
21+42 | 21+21 | 21+324 | 21+2 | |||
rising 42 |
21+55 | 21+24 | 21+42 | 24+21 | 24+544 | 24+2 | 21+5 |
dark departing 21 |
33+55 | 33+544 | 33+53 | 24+21 | 55+33 | 55+2 | 33+5 |
light departing 324 |
55+55 | 544+33 | 544+42 | 42+21 | 544+21 | 42+2 | 55+5 |
dark entering 2 |
33+55 | 33+55 | 33+53 | 55+21 | 55+33 | 55+2 | 55+5 |
light entering 5 |
33+55 | 21+33 | 21+42 | 21+21 | 21+324 | 21+2 | 33+5 |
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Notes
References
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