Halomonas

Halomonas is a genus of halophilic (salt-tolerating) bacteria. It grows over the range of 5 to 25% NaCl.^{[citation needed]}

Halomonas
Rusticles of the RMS Titanic containing H. titanicae
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Kingdom:	Pseudomonadati
Phylum:	Pseudomonadota
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Oceanospirillales
Family:	Halomonadaceae
Genus:	Halomonas Vreeland et al. 1980 emend. Dobson and Franzmann 1996
Type species
Halomonas elongata
Species
See text

The type species of this genus is Halomonas elongata.^[1]

Description

Members of Halomonas are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, generally 0.6-0.8 μm by 1.6-1.9 μm.^[2] They move by using flagella. They grow in the presence of oxygen, although some have been reported to be able to grow without oxygen. When grown on an agar plate, they form white/yellow colonies that turn light brown over time.^[2]

Ecology

Halomonas species have been found in a broad variety of saline environments, including estuaries, the ocean, and saline lakes.^[2]

Species

Many species of Halomonas have been described:^[3]

H. alimentaria
H. alkaliantarctica
H. alkaliphila
H. almeriensis
H. andesensis
H. anticariensis
H. aquamarina
H. arcis
H. axialensis
H. beimenensis
H. boliviensis
H. campaniensis
H. campisalis
H. caseinilytica
H. cerina
H. cibimaris
H. cupida
H. daqiaonensis
H. daqingensis
H. denitrificans
H. desiderata
H. elongata
H. eurihalina
H. flava
H. fontilapidosi
H. garicola
H. gomseomensis
H. gudaonensis
H. halmophila
H. halocynthiae
H. halodenitrificans
H. halophila
H. hamiltonii
H. heilongjiangensis
H. huangheensis
H. hydrothermalis
H. ilicicola
H. janggokensis
H. jeotgali
H. johnsoniae
H. kenyensis
H. koreensis
H. korlensis
H. kribbensis
H. lutea
H. lutescence
H. magadiensis
H. maura
H. meridiana
H. mongoliensis
H. muralis
H. nanhaiensis
H. neptunia
H. nitroreducens
H. olivaria
H. organivorans
H. pacifica
H. pantelleriensis
H. qiaohouensis
H. qijiaojingensis
H. ramblicola
H. rifensis
H. sabkhae
H. saccharevitans
H. salicampi
H. salifodinae
H. salina
H. sediminicola
H. shengliensis
H. sinaiensis
H. smyrnensis
H. songnenensis
H. stenophila
H. stevensii
H. subglaciescola
H. subterranea
H. sulfidaeris
H. taeanensis
H. titanicae
H. urumqiensis
H. variabilis
H. ventosae
H. venusta
H. vilamensis
H. xianhensis
H. xinjiangensis
H. zhangjiangensis
H. zincidurans

Pathogenic potential

Certain species of Halomonas may display pathogenic potential in humans. In one study, three species were isolated from two patients suffering bacteremia in a dialysis center. The study hypothesized that the bicarbonate used in the dialysis fluid may have been contaminated by the bacteria.^[4]

Health

Halomonas sp. KM-1 is used for industrial production of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB).^[5]

Etymology

The name Halomonas derives from: Greek noun hals, halos (ἅλς, ἁλός), salt; and monas (μονάς), nominally meaning "a unit", but in effect meaning a bacterium; thus, salt (-tolerant) monad.^[6]

Members of the genus Halomonas can be referred to as halomonads (see Trivialisation of names).