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Hanifi Rohingya script
Unified script for the Rohingya language From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Hanifi Rohingya script is a unified script for the Rohingya language. Rohingya today is written in three scripts, Hanifi, Arabic (Rohingya Fonna), and Latin (Rohingyalish).[1] The Rohingya language was first written in the 19th century with a version of the Perso-Arabic script. In 1975, an orthographic Arabic script was developed and approved by the community leaders, based on the Urdu alphabet but with unique innovations to make the script suitable to Rohingya.
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In the 1980s, Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues created a suitable phonetic script based on the Arabic alphabet; it has been compared to the N’ko script.
This script, unlike the Arabic script, is alphabetical, meaning that all vowels are independent letters, as opposed to diacritics as is the case in Arabic. However, vowels cannot stand on their own and always need to be connected to a consonant similar to diacritics. Therefore, diphthongs cannot be written as vowel-vowel combination even though typographically this is possible. Tone markers are shown as diacritics in Hanifi script. It is written from right to left, following the direction of the Arabic script.[2][3]
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Characters
The Rohingya script has 28 consonant letters and 10 vowel letters.
| 𐴅 | 𐴄 | 𐴃 | 𐴂 | 𐴁 | 𐴀 |
| 𐴋 | 𐴊 | 𐴉 | 𐴈 | 𐴇 | 𐴆 |
| 𐴑 | 𐴐 | 𐴏 | 𐴎 | 𐴍 | 𐴌 |
| 𐴗 | 𐴖 | 𐴕 | 𐴔 | 𐴓 | 𐴒 |
| 𐴛 | 𐴚 | 𐴙 | 𐴘 |
The script has 10 vowel letters.
| 𐴡 | 𐴠 | 𐴞 | 𐴟 | 𐴝 |
| 𐴧 | 𐴦 | 𐴥 | 𐴤 | 𐴣 |
The script has three tone markers that are shown as diacritics above the vowel letters. The tone markers indicate high, low or falling tones.
| ◌𐴦 | ◌𐴥 | ◌𐴤 |
Letters and their pronunciations and their equivalents
Consonants
Vowels and tone markers
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Numbers
Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues also created a set of numerals for the Rohingya language, The numbers are based on the Hindu–Arabic numerals but with some modifications.
Unicode
The Hanifi Rohingya script was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2018 with the release of version 11.0. Proposals to include it in Unicode were written by linguist Anshuman Pandey.[7]
The Unicode block for Hanifi Rohingya is U+10D00–U+10D3F and contains 50 characters:[8]
| Hanifi Rohingya[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+10D0x | 𐴀 | 𐴁 | 𐴂 | 𐴃 | 𐴄 | 𐴅 | 𐴆 | 𐴇 | 𐴈 | 𐴉 | 𐴊 | 𐴋 | 𐴌 | 𐴍 | 𐴎 | 𐴏 |
| U+10D1x | 𐴐 | 𐴑 | 𐴒 | 𐴓 | 𐴔 | 𐴕 | 𐴖 | 𐴗 | 𐴘 | 𐴙 | 𐴚 | 𐴛 | 𐴜 | 𐴝 | 𐴞 | 𐴟 |
| U+10D2x | 𐴠 | 𐴡 | 𐴢 | 𐴣 | 𐴤 | 𐴥 | 𐴦 | 𐴧 | ||||||||
| U+10D3x | 𐴰 | 𐴱 | 𐴲 | 𐴳 | 𐴴 | 𐴵 | 𐴶 | 𐴷 | 𐴸 | 𐴹 | ||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
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Fonts
Google's Noto Sans has developed a Rohingya script font called Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya, available at GitHub.
Rohingya keyboard
A virtual keyboard was developed by Google for the Rohingya language in 2019 and allows users to type in the Rohingya script. Ahkter Husin, a Rohingya software developer developed a keyboard for Android phones which is available on Google Play Store. Users can download here. Ahkter Husin and Kyaw Zay Ya Lin Tun developed a keyboard app for iOS which can be found here. The Rohingya Unicode keyboard layout can be found here.
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Sample text
Summarize
Perspective
The following is a sample text in Rohingya of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with English, contrasted with versions of the text in Bengali and Assamese.
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References
External links
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