Hanis language

This article is about the language. For the Akkadian god, see Hani (god).

Hanis, or Coos, was one of two Coosan languages of Oregon, and the better documented. It was spoken north of the Miluk around the Coos River and Coos Bay. há·nis was the Hanis name for themselves. The last speaker of Hanis was Martha Harney Johnson, who died in 1972.^[3][4] Another speaker was Annie Miner Peterson, who worked with linguist Melville Jacobs to document the language.^[5]

Hanis
Coos
há·nis
Native to	United States
Region	Coos Bay, Oregon
Ethnicity	Hanis people
Extinct	1972, with the death of Martha Harney Johnson[1]
Revival	by 2007
Language family	Coosan Hanis
Language codes
ISO 639-3	csz
Glottolog	coos1249
ELP	Hanis
Map of Coosan languages
Hanis is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger [2]

As of 2007, classes in Hanis were offered by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians.^[3] A book and CD, Hanis for Beginners, were published in 2011, and a companion website is available for tribal members.^[6]

Phonology

Vowels /i ɛ a u/ may be long or short; there is also a short /ə/.

Consonants

		Bilabial	Alveolar			Post- alveolar	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
			plain	sibilant	lateral
Plosive/ Affricate	plain	p	t	ts	tɬ	tʃ	k	q	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	tsʰ	tɬʰ	tʃʰ	kʰ	qʰ
	ejective	pʼ	tʼ	tsʼ	tɬʼ	tʃʼ	kʼ	qʼ
Fricative	voiceless			s	ɬ	ʃ	x	χ	h
	voiced						ɣ
Sonorant		m	n		l	j	w

The /p t ts tɬ tʃ k q/ series are optionally voiced. /l m n/ may be syllabic. Stress is phonemic.

Sounds /k kʰ kʼ/ may be heard as palatalized [c cʰ cʼ] when before front vowels. /k kʰ kʼ x h/ may also have labialized equivalents as [kʷ kʷʰ kʼʷ xʷ hʷ].